3 research outputs found
Deoxynivalenol Oligoglycosides: New “Masked” Fusarium Toxins Occurring in Malt, Beer, and Breadstuff
The co-occurrence of deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside with its parent
toxin, deoxynivalenol, has been recently documented in many cereal-based
foods, especially in those produced by enzyme-catalyzed processes.
The presence of this masked mycotoxin in the human diet has become
an issue of health concern, mainly because of its assumed bioavailability.
A selective immunoaffinity-based preconcentration strategy, followed
by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution
orbitrap mass spectrometry, revealed that, in addition to the most
common deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, also oligoglycosylated deoxynivalenols
with up to four bound hexose units were present in cereal-based products.
The structure, origination, and fate of these deoxynivalenol conjugates
during malt/beer production and bread baking have been thoroughly
investigated. Special attention has been paid to the changes of deoxynivalenol
conjugates enabled by industrial glycosidase-based enzymatic preparations.
To the authors' best knowledge, this is the first study documenting
the complexity of masked deoxynivalenol issue
Determination of Multiple Mycotoxins in Dietary Supplements Containing Green Coffee Bean Extracts Using Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS)
An
ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass
spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for the determination of 34 mycotoxins
in dietary supplements containing green coffee bean (GCB) extracts
was developed, evaluated, and used in the analysis of 50 commercial
products. A QuEChERS-like procedure was used for isolation of target
analytes from the examined matrices. Average recoveries of the analytes
were in the range of 75–110%. The precision of the method expressed
as relative standard deviation was below 12%. Limits of detection
(LODs) and limits of quantitation (LOQs) ranged from 1.0 to 50.0 ÎĽg/kg
and from 2.5 to 100 ÎĽg/kg, respectively. Due to matrix effects,
the method of standard additions was used to ensure accurate quantitation.
Ochratoxin A, ochratoxin B, fumonisin B<sub>1</sub> and mycophenolic
acid were found in 36%, 32%, 10%, and 16% of tested products, respectively.
Mycotoxins occurred in the following concentration ranges: ochratoxin
A, <1.0–136.9 μg/kg; ochratoxin B, <1.0–20.2
μg/kg; fumonisin B<sub>1</sub>, <50.0–415.0 μg/kg;
mycophenolic acid, <5.0–395.0 μg/kg. High-resolution
mass spectrometry operated in full MS and MS/MS mode was used to confirm
the identities of the reported compounds
Mycotoxins in Plant-Based Dietary Supplements: Hidden Health Risk for Consumers
Mycotoxin contamination of dietary
supplements represents a possible
risk for human health, especially in the case of products intended
for people suffering from certain health conditions. The aim of this
study was to assess the extent of this problem based on analyses of
a wide set of herbal-based dietary supplements intended for various
purposes: (i) treatment of liver diseases (milk thistle); (ii) reduction
of menopause effects (red clover, flax seed, and soy); and (iii) preparations
for general health support (green barley, nettle, goji berries, yucca,
etc.) The analytical method including 57 mycotoxins was based on a
QuEChERS-like (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe) approach
and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem
mass spectrometry. The main mycotoxins determined were <i>Fusarium</i> trichothecenes, zearalenone and enniatins, and <i>Alternaria</i> mycotoxins. Co-occurrence of enniatins, HT-2/T-2 toxins, and <i>Alternaria</i> toxins was observed in many cases. The highest
mycotoxin concentrations were found in milk thistle-based supplements
(up to 37 mg/kg in the sum)