Timing of autumn migration in juvenile and adult common cuckoos.

<p>(A) Latitudes traversed by Finnish juveniles (red), northern (blue) and southern adults (grey). Time is from the final part of breeding season until arrival on wintering grounds. (B) Mean difference between juveniles and adults in timing of migration, based on pair-wise inter-age-class differences, at different step latitudes during fall migration (error bars indicate standard deviations; numbers indicate sample size, adults/juveniles). Data on North Swedish adults from [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0168940#pone.0168940.ref012" target="_blank">12</a>] and Danish and South Swedish adults from [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0168940#pone.0168940.ref013" target="_blank">13</a>].</p

Timing and duration of autumn migration in common cuckoos.

<p>Timing and duration of autumn migration in common cuckoos.</p

Autumn migration of common cuckoos.

<p>Tracks of juveniles from Finland (red), northern adults (N adults; North Sweden and Finland; blue) and southern adults (S adults; Denmark and South Sweden; grey) with tagging and wintering sites (green and white triangles, respectively), and end of transmission (white circles) indicated. (A) Migration from breeding to wintering grounds and (B) details of initial movements with different red tinge for each juvenile cuckoo. Best quality locations for each duty cycle (dots) connected with lines. Horizontal lines at 55°N and 50°N indicate the band used to define entering and leaving, respectively, the NC Europe stopover. The line at 7°N defines leaving the Sahel. (C) Initial travel directions from breeding sites after moving 100 km and (D) travel directions (N and S adults; black) after leaving the Sahel. Each dot indicates the direction of one individual. Lines are group mean directions with 95% confidence interval. Data on North Swedish adults from [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0168940#pone.0168940.ref012" target="_blank">12</a>] and Danish and South Swedish adults from [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0168940#pone.0168940.ref013" target="_blank">13</a>].</p