Linkage Disequilibrium structure at the <i>CMA1</i> gene locus.

<p>Linkage Disequilibrium pattern (Heat Map) is represented by pairwise D′ values between SNPs with MAF>5% based on genotypes from HapMap (CEU population). r2 values (x100) calculated for each SNPs pair are given in the squares. Blank squares represent r2 values equal to 100. Rectangles are used to indicate Tagging SNPs.</p

<i>CMA1</i> polymorphisms and heart mass in patient with aortic stenosis.

<p>Association between haplotypes h1.ACAGGA (A) and h2.ATAGAG (B) in the <i>CMA1</i> gene and potentially functional polymorphisms rs1800875 (C) and rs1956923 (D) in the promoter region of <i>CMA1</i> gene and natural logarithm of LVM/BSA in patients with aortic stenosis. Values are means with the SEM indicated by error bars.</p

Demographic Characteristics and Echocardiographic Data for Patients With Aortic Stenosis.

<p>Demographic Characteristics and Echocardiographic Data for Patients With Aortic Stenosis.</p

Mean values of the echocardiographic parameters Based on rs1956923 Genotypes in males.

<p>*adjusted for age, ejection fraction, maximal aortic gradient,</p

Association between haplotypes in the CMA1 gene and natural logarithm of LVM/BSA.

<p>*Adjusted for gender, age, ejection fraction, maximal aortic gradient.</p>#<p>significance after correction for multiple comparisons: p<0.0125.</p

Association between tagging and potentially functional SNP in the CMA1 gene and natural logarithm of LVM/BSA.

<p>*Adjusted for gender, age, ejection fraction, maximal aortic gradient.</p>#<p>significance after correction for multiple comparisons: p<0.0125.</p

BRM acts through distinct mechanisms to regulate GA-mediated responses.

<p>(A), Germination of the <i>brm-1</i> mutant on 10 µM PAC is rescued by the <i>triple della</i> mutation. The progeny of <i>brm-1/BRM</i> plants were analyzed 10 days after sowing. (B), Phenotypes of 3-week-old plants grown on 2.5 µM PAC. The <i>brm-1/3xdella</i> line shows an intermediate growth phenotype. Bar = 5 mm. (C), RT-qPCR analysis of relative transcript levels of the <i>OFP16, EXP5, CYS2</i> and <i>LTP2</i> genes in 18-d-old wild type, <i>brm-1</i>, <i>ga1-3</i>, <i>ga1-3/brm-1</i>, <i>ga1-3/3xdella</i> and <i>ga1-3/brm-1/3xdella</i> lines. Transcript levels in the wild type were set to 1. Data are the means ± s.d. of 3 biological replicates. (D), Model of the role of BRM in regulating the expression of GA-responsive genes. BRM positively regulates the <i>GA3ox1</i> and <i>SCL3</i> genes involved in GA biosynthesis and signaling, and probably through this influences the expression of many GA-responsive genes in the opposite manner to DELLA repressors. In addition, BRM seems to act on a subset of GA-responsive genes independently of DELLA repressors. Also in this case, the effect exerted by BRM is typically in the opposite direction to that of DELLAs and is observed both for genes up- and down-regulated by the SWI/SNF complex (blue and red lines, respectively).</p

GA responses of the <i>brm-1</i> mutant.

<p>(A, B), Elongation of <i>brm-1</i> hypocotyls and roots in response to 1 µM GA₄. Plants were grown on ½ MS medium for 8 days under long-days conditions in the presence or absence of 1 µM GA₄. GA application caused considerable elongation of the hypocotyls, but had little effect on <i>brm-1</i> root growth. Bar = 5 mm. (B), Hypocotyl length of plants grown as in A. Presented data are the means of 12 measurements ± s.d. (C), Flowering of <i>brm-1</i> plants in response to exogenous gibberellins. Plants were grown in soil under short-day conditions and treated with 10 µM GA₃. At least 15 plants of each line/condition were scored. Data are the means ± s.d. Asterisks indicate significant differences from the wild type plants (p<0.01).</p

Gene Ontology (GO) categories statistically over-represented among genes differentially expressed in both <i>ga1-3</i> and <i>brm-1</i> mutants.

<p>Gene Ontology (GO) categories statistically over-represented among genes differentially expressed in both <i>ga1-3</i> and <i>brm-1</i> mutants.</p

<i>brm</i> mutants show GA-related phenotypic traits and increased sensitivity to paclobutrazol.

<p>(A), Comparison of <i>brm-1</i> and <i>ga1-3</i> mutants grown on ½ MS medium for 18 days under long-day conditions. (B), Germination of the <i>brm-1</i> mutant is abolished in the presence of 10 µM PAC and rescued upon addition of exogenous gibberellin. The progeny of <i>brm-1/BRM</i> plants were analyzed 14 days after sowing. (C), Phenotype of <i>brm-1</i> plants grown for 25 days on 10 µM PAC after incubation of seeds with exogenous GA. (D), Germination assay of wild type, <i>brm-3</i> and <i>3xdella</i> (<i>rga/rgl1/rgl2</i>) lines. Seed coat rupture after 14 days was scored as germination. (E), Root elongation assay of wild type and <i>brm-3</i> plants grown for 12 days on PAC-containing medium. Bars in A, C and E = 5 mm.</p