Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the hippocampus (A) 1 and (B) 7 days after theinfusion of SWCNT-PEG dispersions.

<p>Values are expressed as the mean ± SEM, n = 4–6. *<i>p</i> <0.05 vs. control group.</p

Effect of SWCNT-PEG dispersions on spontaneous alternation behavior (A) 1 and (B) 7 days after infusion.

<p>Schematics of the procedures used in the experiments are presented above the graphs. Values are expressed as the mean ± SEM, n = 6. No significant difference in percentage of alternation was observed between the groups (<i>p</i>>0.05).</p

Effect of SWCNT-PEG dispersions on total antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (ACAP) in the hippocampus (A) 1 and (B) 7 days after infusion.

<p>Values are expressed as the mean ± SEM, n = 4–6. ^#<i>p</i><0.05 vs. 2.1 mg/mL SWCNT-PEG and vs. the control group; *<i>p</i> <0.05 vs. the control group.</p

Raman spectroscopy of rat hippocampal homogenates 1 and 7 days after SWCNT-PEG dispersions infusion.

<p>(A) Raman spectrum acquired from SWCNT-PEG dispersion at 2.1 mg/mL. (B) Detection curve of SWCNT-PEG based on radial breath mode (RBM). Raman spectra in hippocampal homogenates (C) 1 and (D) 7 days after infusion. Dotted squares indicate the RBM region. Ct+: positive control; Ct-: negative control.</p

Effect of SWCNT-PEG on the number of crossings in open field task.

<p>Values expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 6). Animals tested at 30 min were subjected to another test-session at 1 day. No significant differences were observed between the groups (<i>p</i>>0.05).</p><p>Effect of SWCNT-PEG on the number of crossings in open field task.</p

Fluorescence-based <i>in vitro</i> assays.

<p>Values are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 4). No significant differences were registered for the different SWCNT-PEG concentrations (<i>p</i>>0.05).</p><p>Fluorescence-based <i>in vitro</i> assays.</p

Glutatione (GSH) content and glutamate cysteine-ligase (GCL) activity in the hippocampus after the infusion of SWCNT-PEG dispersions.

<p>(A, B) GSH content 1 and 7 days after the infusion. (C, D) GCL activity 1 and 7 days post-injection. Values are expressed as the mean ± SEM, n = 4–6. *<i>p</i> <0.05 vs. the control group.</p

Effect of SWCNT-PEG dispersions on lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the hippocampus (A) 1 and (B) 7 days after infusion.

<p>Values are expressed as the mean ± SEM, n = 4–6. No significant difference in LPO levels was observed between the groups (<i>p</i>>0.05).</p

Effect of SWCNT-PEG dispersions on (A) acquisition and (B) persistence of contextual fear memory.

<p>Schematics of the procedures used in the experiments are presented above the graphs. Values are expressed as the mean ± SEM, n = 10–12. No significant difference in time spent in freezing was observed between the groups (<i>p</i>>0.05).</p