Contingency table used for calculating positive predictive value.

<p>Contingency table used for calculating positive predictive value.</p

Positive predictive value (PPV) of clinical and immunologic criteria for identifying treatment failure among HIV-infected adults receiving first-line or second-line/other antiretroviral therapy, Nyanza Province, 2008–2011.

<p>Positive predictive value (PPV) of clinical and immunologic criteria for identifying treatment failure among HIV-infected adults receiving first-line or second-line/other antiretroviral therapy, Nyanza Province, 2008–2011.</p

Inclusion of study subjects with clinical or immunological indication for viral load testing for analysis.

<p>This figure describes how the subjects were excluded from this analysis. We excluded 1,119 pregnant women and 1,882 persons with unclear indications why VL testing was requested.</p

Characteristics of adults who underwent targeted viral load testing, Nyanza, Kenya, 2008–2011.

<p>Characteristics of adults who underwent targeted viral load testing, Nyanza, Kenya, 2008–2011.</p

Participant baseline HIV risk behaviors by country.

<p><u>Notes</u>. Percentages may not total to 100% due to rounding. The number of participants for individual variables may not sum to overall totals due to non-response from some participants.</p>*<p>F-statistics used to test for country differences.</p>a<p>Used a condom at every sexual encounter.</p>b<p>Includes antiretroviral medications and cotrimoxazole.</p>c<p>Among those not desiring pregnancy or partner pregnancy (males). Family planning methods include pill, injectable, IUD, implant, male and female sterilization.</p

Sociodemographic and health characteristics of baseline PwP evaluation study participants.

<p><u>Notes</u>. Percentages may not total to 100% due to rounding. The number of participants for individual variables may not sum to overall totals due to non-response from some participants.</p>*<p>F-statistics used to test for country differences.</p>a<p>One Muslim observation was added per site in Namibia (6 total) to allow the model to converge.</p>b<p>Local currency was converted to US dollars (USD) for comparability.</p

Flow diagram of patient participants in a group-randomized trial of prevention with people living with HIV in HIV care and treatment clinics.

<p>Flow diagram of patient participants in a group-randomized trial of prevention with people living with HIV in HIV care and treatment clinics.</p

Communicable disease mortality rates in adolescents and young adults, 2003–2009, by primary cause.

<p>A, Female; B, Male.</p

Trends in all-cause mortality rates per 100,000 by gender and age group.

<p>NOTE. RR^fem, Relative risk for females compared with males; CI, confidence interval; χ², chi-squared.</p>a<p>MR, mortality rates per 100,000, note all-cause mortality includes deaths with undetermined cause, and are thus higher than combined communicable and non-communicable disease mortality rates.</p>b<p>χ² LT, chi-squared for linear trend.</p>c<p>MHRR, Mantel Haenszel weighted relative risk, and Greenlands-Robins 95% confidence intervals.</p

Number of deaths by primary cause in adolescents and young adults, 2003–2009, by primary cause and gender.

<p>A, Communicable diseases; B, Non-communicable diseases. Note axis change between <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0047017#pone-0047017-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1A</a> and Figure1B.</p