Positive predictive value (PPV) of clinical and immunologic criteria for identifying treatment failure among HIV-infected adults receiving first-line or second-line/other antiretroviral therapy, Nyanza Province, 2008–2011.

<p>Positive predictive value (PPV) of clinical and immunologic criteria for identifying treatment failure among HIV-infected adults receiving first-line or second-line/other antiretroviral therapy, Nyanza Province, 2008–2011.</p

Contingency table used for calculating positive predictive value.

<p>Contingency table used for calculating positive predictive value.</p

Inclusion of study subjects with clinical or immunological indication for viral load testing for analysis.

<p>This figure describes how the subjects were excluded from this analysis. We excluded 1,119 pregnant women and 1,882 persons with unclear indications why VL testing was requested.</p

Participant baseline HIV risk behaviors by country.

<p><u>Notes</u>. Percentages may not total to 100% due to rounding. The number of participants for individual variables may not sum to overall totals due to non-response from some participants.</p>*<p>F-statistics used to test for country differences.</p>a<p>Used a condom at every sexual encounter.</p>b<p>Includes antiretroviral medications and cotrimoxazole.</p>c<p>Among those not desiring pregnancy or partner pregnancy (males). Family planning methods include pill, injectable, IUD, implant, male and female sterilization.</p

Sociodemographic and health characteristics of baseline PwP evaluation study participants.

<p><u>Notes</u>. Percentages may not total to 100% due to rounding. The number of participants for individual variables may not sum to overall totals due to non-response from some participants.</p>*<p>F-statistics used to test for country differences.</p>a<p>One Muslim observation was added per site in Namibia (6 total) to allow the model to converge.</p>b<p>Local currency was converted to US dollars (USD) for comparability.</p

Main causes of death^a among adolescents and young adults (15–24 years), by gender.

<p>NOTE. RR^fem, Relative risk for females compared with males; CI, confidence interval; χ², chi-squared.</p>a<p>Statistics presented exclude deaths with undetermined cause (n = 174); of 238 NCD deaths, 13 ‘other’ NCDs are excluded from main cause of death analysis.</p>b<p>CD, communicable diseases (HIV, TB, malaria, other common infections).</p>c<p>HIV/TB is the combination of all deaths diagnosed with either TB or HIV as the cause of death.</p>d<p>Significantly higher proportion of deaths in males, inverse RR^males presented [in brackets].</p

Trends in communicable disease mortality rates per 100,000 by gender and age group.

<p>NOTE. RR^fem, Relative risk for females compared with males; CI, confidence interval; χ², chi-squared.</p>a<p>MR, mortality rates per 100,000; includes deaths ascribed to HIV, TB, malaria, and other infections (meningitis, pneumonia, gastro-intestinal, typhoid/paratyphoid, sepsis, and rheumatic heart disease).</p>b<p>χ² LT, chi-squared for linear trend.</p>c<p>MHRR, Mantel Haenszel weighted relative risk, and Greenlands-Robins 95% confidence intervals.</p

Mortality rates by top primary causes in 2003, 2006 and 2009.

<p>A, Female; B, Male. Causes of death aggregated.</p