393 research outputs found
Grief and Avoidant Death Attitudes Combine to Predict the Fading Affect Bias
The fading affect bias (FAB) occurs when unpleasant affect fades faster than pleasant affect. To detect mechanisms that influence the FAB in the context of death, we measured neuroticism, depression, anxiety, negative religious coping, death attitudes, and complicated grief as potential predictors of FAB for unpleasant/death and pleasant events at 2 points in time. The FAB was robust across older and newer events, which supported the mobilization-minimization hypothesis. Unexpectedly, complicated grief positively predicted FAB, and death avoidant attitudes moderated this relation, such that the Initial Event Affect by Grief interaction was only significant at the highest 3 quintiles of death avoidant attitudes. These results were likely due to moderate grief ratings, which were, along with avoidant death attitudes, related to healthy outcomes in past research. These results implicate complicated grief and death avoidant attitudes as resiliency mechanisms that are mobilized during bereavement to minimize its unpleasant effects
Interpersonal Influences on Body Representations in the Infant Brain
Within cognitive neuroscience, there is burgeoning interest in how the body is represented in the adult brain. However, there are large gaps in the understanding of neural body representations from a developmental perspective. Of particular interest are the interconnections between somatosensation and vision, specifically infantsâ abilities to register correspondences between their own bodies and the bodies of others. Such registration may play an important role in social learning and in engendering feelings of connectedness with others. In the current study, we further explored the interpersonal aspects of neural body representations by examining whether responses to tactile stimulation in 7-month-old infants are influenced by viewing anotherâs body. During EEG recording, infants (N= 60) observed a live presentation of an experimenterâs hand or foot being touched. During the presentation of touch to the adultâs hand or foot, the infant received a brief tactile touch to their right hand or right foot. This resulted in four conditions: (i) receive hand stimulation/observe hand stimulation, (ii) receive hand stimulation/observe foot stimulation, (iii) receive foot stimulation/observe hand stimulation, and (iv) receive foot stimulation/observe foot stimulation. Analyses compared responses overlying hand and foot regions when the observed limb matched the stimulated limb (congruent) and did not match (incongruent). In line with prior work, tactile stimulation elicited a somatotopic pattern of results in the somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) and the sensorimotor mu rhythm (6â9 Hz). Cross-modal influences were observed in the beta rhythm (11â13 Hz) response and in the late potential of the SEP response (400â600 ms). Beta desynchronization was greater for congruent compared to incongruent conditions. Additionally, tactile stimulation to the foot elicited larger mean amplitudes for congruent compared to incongruent conditions. The opposite was true for stimulation to the hand. This set of novel findings suggests the importance of considering cross-modal effects in the study of neural body representations in the infant brain. Continued work in this new area of infant neuroscience research can inform how interpersonal aspects of body representations may serve to undergird early social learning
Recommended from our members
Artificial Light Increases Local Predator Abundance, Predation Rates, and Herbivory.
Human activity is rapidly increasing the radiance and geographic extent of artificial light at night (ALAN) leading to alterations in the development, behavior, and physiological state of many organisms. A limited number of community-scale studies investigating the effects of ALAN have allowed for spatial aggregation through positive phototaxis, the commonly observed phenomenon of arthropod movement toward light. We performed an open field study (without restricted arthropod access) to determine the effects of ALAN on local arthropod community composition, plant traits, and local herbivory and predation rates. We found strong positive phototaxis in 10 orders of arthropods, with increased (159% higher) overall arthropod abundance under ALAN compared to unlit controls. The arthropod community under ALAN was more diverse and contained a higher proportion of predaceous arthropods (15% vs 8%). Predation of immobilized flies occurred 3.6 times faster under ALAN; this effect was not observed during the day. Contrary to expectations, we also observed a 6% increase in herbivory under ALAN. Our results highlight the importance of open experimental field studies in determining community-level effects of ALAN
Care coordination among pediatricians and dentists: a cross-sectional study of opinions of North Carolina dentists
Abstract: Background: Care coordination between physicians and dentists remains a challenge. This study of dentists providing pediatric dental care examined their opinions about physiciansâ role in oral health and identified factors associated with these opinions. Methods: North Carolina general and pediatric dentists were surveyed on their opinions of how physicians should proceed after caries risk assessment and evaluation of an 18-month-old, low risk child. We estimated two multinomial logistic regression models to examine dentistsâ responses to the scenario under the circumstances of an adequate and a limited dental workforce. Results: Among 376 dentists, 52% of dentists indicated physicians should immediately refer this child to a dental home with an adequate dental workforce. With a limited workforce, 34% recommended immediate referral. Regression analysis indicated that with an adequate workforce guideline awareness was associated with a significantly lower relative risk of dentistsâ recommending the child remain in the medical home than immediate referral. Conclusions: Dentistsâ opinions and professional guidelines on how physicians should promote early childhood oral health differ and warrant strategies to address such inconsistencies. Without consistent guidelines and their application, there is a missed opportunity to influence provider opinions to improve access to dental care
The ROTSE-III Robotic Telescope System
The observation of a prompt optical flash from GRB990123 convincingly
demonstrated the value of autonomous robotic telescope systems. Pursuing a
program of rapid follow-up observations of gamma-ray bursts, the Robotic
Optical Transient Search Experiment (ROTSE) has developed a next-generation
instrument, ROTSE-III, that will continue the search for fast optical
transients. The entire system was designed as an economical robotic facility to
be installed at remote sites throughout the world. There are seven major system
components: optics, optical tube assembly, CCD camera, telescope mount,
enclosure, environmental sensing & protection and data acquisition. Each is
described in turn in the hope that the techniques developed here will be useful
in similar contexts elsewhere.Comment: 19 pages, including 4 figures. To be published in PASP in January,
2003. PASP Number IP02-11
Barriers to Pediatriciansâ Adherence to American Academy of Pediatrics Oral Health Referral Guidelines: North Carolina General Dentistsâ Opinions
PurposeâThe purposes of this study were to: (1) assess knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of
North Carolina general dentists (GDs) regarding American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) dental
referral guidelines; and (2) determine factors that influence pediatriciansâ ability to comply with
AAP guidelines.
MethodsâOne thousand GDs were surveyed to determine barriers toward acceptance of
physician referrals of infants and toddlers. The primary outcome using ordered logistic regression
was GDsâ acceptance of children described in five case scenarios, with different levels of risk and
oral health status.
ResultsâGDs believed pediatricians should refer patients at risk for caries to a dentist. While 61
to 75 percent of GDs were willing to accept low caries risk referrals of infants and toddlers, only
35 percent would accept referrals when caries was present. Predictors of referral acceptance were
correct knowledge about AAP guidelines (OR=2.0, 95%CI=1.2-3.3), confidence in pro- viding
preventive care to infants and toddlers (OR=2.6, 95%CI=1.3-4.9), and agreement that parents see
importance in dental referrals (OR=2.1, 95% CI=1.2-3.6).
ConclusionsâThis study identified factors influencing acceptance of pediatrician referrals for
the age one dental visit among North Carolina GDs and highlighted challenges pediatricians face
in referring young children for dental care
CsIâAntisolvent Adduct Formation in AllâInorganic Metal Halide Perovskites
The excellent optoelectronic properties demonstrated by hybrid organic/inorganic metal halide perovskites are all predicated on precisely controlling the exact nucleation and crystallization dynamics that occur during film formation. In general, highâperformance thin films are obtained by a method commonly called solvent engineering (or antisolvent quench) processing. The solvent engineering method removes excess solvent, but importantly leaves behind solvent that forms chemical adducts with the leadâhalide precursor salts. These adductâbased precursor phases control nucleation and the growth of the polycrystalline domains. There has not yet been a comprehensive study comparing the various antisolvents used in different perovskite compositions containing cesium. In addition, there have been no reports of solvent engineering for high efficiency in allâinorganic perovskites such as CsPbI3. In this work, inorganic perovskite composition CsPbI3 is specifically targeted and unique adducts formed between CsI and precursor solvents and antisolvents are found that have not been observed for other Aâsite cation salts. These CsI adducts control nucleation more so than the PbI2âdimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) adduct and demonstrate how the Aâsite plays a significant role in crystallization. The use of methyl acetate (MeOAc) in this solvent engineering approach dictates crystallization through the formation of a CsIâMeOAc adduct and results in solar cells with a power conversion efficiency of 14.4%.It is found that unique adducts form between CsI and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and certain antisolvents, such as methyl acetate, during film formation of the allâinorganic perovskite CsPbI3. These adducts significantly influence crystallization and the power conversion efficiency of the resulting solar cells.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154525/1/aenm201903365-sup-0001-SuppMat.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154525/2/aenm201903365.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154525/3/aenm201903365_am.pd
CsIâAntisolvent Adduct Formation in AllâInorganic Metal Halide Perovskites
The excellent optoelectronic properties demonstrated by hybrid organic/inorganic metal halide perovskites are all predicated on precisely controlling the exact nucleation and crystallization dynamics that occur during film formation. In general, highâperformance thin films are obtained by a method commonly called solvent engineering (or antisolvent quench) processing. The solvent engineering method removes excess solvent, but importantly leaves behind solvent that forms chemical adducts with the leadâhalide precursor salts. These adductâbased precursor phases control nucleation and the growth of the polycrystalline domains. There has not yet been a comprehensive study comparing the various antisolvents used in different perovskite compositions containing cesium. In addition, there have been no reports of solvent engineering for high efficiency in allâinorganic perovskites such as CsPbI3. In this work, inorganic perovskite composition CsPbI3 is specifically targeted and unique adducts formed between CsI and precursor solvents and antisolvents are found that have not been observed for other Aâsite cation salts. These CsI adducts control nucleation more so than the PbI2âdimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) adduct and demonstrate how the Aâsite plays a significant role in crystallization. The use of methyl acetate (MeOAc) in this solvent engineering approach dictates crystallization through the formation of a CsIâMeOAc adduct and results in solar cells with a power conversion efficiency of 14.4%.It is found that unique adducts form between CsI and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and certain antisolvents, such as methyl acetate, during film formation of the allâinorganic perovskite CsPbI3. These adducts significantly influence crystallization and the power conversion efficiency of the resulting solar cells.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154525/1/aenm201903365-sup-0001-SuppMat.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154525/2/aenm201903365.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154525/3/aenm201903365_am.pd
Following the Science: the role of the academic medical center in the COVID-19 pandemic
This article reviews the experience and role of an academic medical center in a response to the COVID-19 pandemic
The ROTSE-IIIa Telescope System
We report on the current operating status of the ROTSE-IIIa telescope,
currently undergoing testing at Los Alamos National Laboratories in New Mexico.
It will be shipped to Siding Spring Observatory, Australia, in first quarter
2002. ROTSE-IIIa has been in automated observing mode since early October,
2001, after completing several weeks of calibration and check-out observations.
Calibrated lists of objects in ROTSE-IIIa sky patrol data are produced
routinely in an automated pipeline, and we are currently automating analysis
procedures to compile these lists, eliminate false detections, and
automatically identify transient and variable objects. The manual application
of these procedures has already led to the detection of a nova that rose over
six magnitudes in two days to a maximum detected brightness of m_R~13.9 and
then faded two magnitudes in two weeks. We also readily identify variable
stars, includings those suspected to be variables from the Sloan Digital Sky
Survey. We report on our system to allow public monitoring of the telescope
operational status in real time over the WWW.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figures, submitted for publication in the proceedings of
``Gamma-Ray Burst and Afterglow Astronomy 2001: A Workshop Celebrating the
First Year of the HETE Mission'
- âŠ