Prime Focus Spectrograph (PFS) for the Subaru telescope: Ongoing integration and future plans

PFS (Prime Focus Spectrograph), a next generation facility instrument on the 8.2-meter Subaru Telescope, is a very wide-field, massively multiplexed, optical and near-infrared spectrograph. Exploiting the Subaru prime focus, 2394 reconfigurable fibers will be distributed over the 1.3 deg field of view. The spectrograph has been designed with 3 arms of blue, red, and near-infrared cameras to simultaneously observe spectra from 380nm to 1260nm in one exposure at a resolution of ∼ 1.6-2.7Å. An international collaboration is developing this instrument under the initiative of Kavli IPMU. The project recently started undertaking the commissioning process of a subsystem at the Subaru Telescope side, with the integration and test processes of the other subsystems ongoing in parallel. We are aiming to start engineering night-sky operations in 2019, and observations for scientific use in 2021. This article gives an overview of the instrument, current project status and future paths forward

O uso da ausculta cervical na inferência de aspiração traqueal em crianças com paralisia cerebral The use of cervical auscultation in tracheal aspiration in children with cerebral palsy

OBJETIVO: comparar a detectabilidade da ausculta cervical na avaliação clínica com a comprovação da aspiração na videofluoroscopia da deglutição em crianças com paralisia cerebral tetraparética espástica com disfagia orofaríngea. MÉTODOS: estudo retrospectivo com análise de 101 prontuários de crianças, na faixa etária de 1 a 12 anos, pertencentes a uma instituição, com diagnóstico de paralisia cerebral tetraparética espástica e que foram encaminhadas e avaliadas por equipe interdisciplinar. Foi realizada anamnese com avaliação clínica da alimentação com ausculta cervical e videofluoroscopia da deglutição. RESULTADOS: os resultados estatísticos mostraram que há relação significante entre a ausculta cervical positiva e a penetração ou aspiração laríngea constatada na videofluoroscopia da deglutição e que a ausculta cervical negativa está mais associada à não penetração/aspiração. CONCLUSÃO: concluiu-se que a ausculta cervical pode ser utilizada para inferência do risco de aspiração e, portanto, como alerta para atuação precoce nessa população, além da vantagem de ser um método não invasivo.<br>PURPOSE: to compare the efficacy of cervical auscultation during the clinical evaluation with the confirmation of aspiration in the videofluoroscopy of deglutition in oropharyngeal dysphagic children with tetraparetic cerebral palsy. METHODS: retrospective study with analysis of 101 notes of children, between 1 and 12-year old, enrolled in one institution, with the diagnosis of cerebral palsy spastic quadriplegia and referred and evaluated by interdisciplinary team. Clinical history, clinical evaluation of feeding with cervical auscultation and videofluoroscopy of deglutition were performed. RESULTS: the statistical results showed significance between positive cervical auscultation and laryngeal penetration or aspiration during the videofluoroscopy of deglutition and a negative cervical auscultation is correlated to non penetration/aspiration. CONCLUSION: cervical auscultation can be used as an inference to risk of aspiration, therefore a sign to early intervention in this population. Furthermore, it is a non-invasive method