10 research outputs found

    Registro recente de harpia, Harpia harpyja (Linnaeus) (Aves, Accipitridae), na Mata Atlùntica da Reserva Natural Vale do Rio Doce, Linhares, Espírito Santo e implicaçÔes para a conservação regional da espécie Recent record of harpy eagle, Harpia harpyja (Linnaeus) (Aves, Accipitridae), in Atlantic forest of Vale do Rio Doce Natural Reserve, Linhares, Espírito Santo, Brazil and implications for the regional conservation of the species

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    A presente comunicação reporta o registro de um macho adulto de harpia, Harpia harpyja (Linnaeus, 1758), na Reserva Natural da Vale do Rio Doce (RNVRD), regiĂŁo norte do EspĂ­rito Santo, em agosto de 2005. A anĂĄlise deste e de registros histĂłricos da espĂ©cie nesta reserva indica a presença de uma população residente na regiĂŁo compreendida pela RNVRD e pela Reserva BiolĂłgica de Sooretama. Estas duas reservas, contĂ­guas entre si, compreendem cerca de 46250 ha de Floresta AtlĂąntica de baixada (Mata de Tabuleiro), na sua maior parte bem conservada. AlĂ©m da grande extensĂŁo de floresta, a rica e densa fauna de mamĂ­feros presente nestas reservas contribuem para a permanĂȘncia das harpias na regiĂŁo.<br>The present communication reports an observation occurred in August 2005 of the harpy eagle, Harpia harpyja (Linnaeus, 1758), in the Vale do Rio Doce Natural Reserve (VRDNR), located in northern EspĂ­rito Santo state, southeastern Brazil. The analysis of this and past records of the species in this reserve indicates the presence of a resident population in the region encompassed by the VRDNR and the Sooretama Biological Reserve. These two reserves total circa 46,250 ha of lowland Atlantic forest (Tabuleiros forest), which are mostly well preserved. Besides the great extension of forests, the rich and abundant mammal fauna present in these two reserves contribute to the regional permanence of the harpy eagle

    The first seven months of an infant of Alouatta guariba (Humboldt) (Primates, Atelidae): interactions and the development of behavioral patterns

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    The development of the interactions of an infant primate with its mother and the other members of its social group plays a special role in the ethology and demography of the species, with consequences for their survive and their conservation. The objective of the present study is to investigate the development of an infant of Alouatta guariba (Humboldt, 1812) in the wild, its behavior and interactions during its first seven months of age, in a remnant of Araucaria Pine Forest in ParanĂĄ State, Brazil. Using the method of instantaneous scanning with 5 min intervals, a total of 46 hours and 15 minutes of direct observation (555 individual records) showed that the infant behavioral patterns during its first four months were characterized by high dependency, which decreased progressively until the appearance of typically juvenile behaviors during the remaining 3 months. The first records of feeding on solid food, tail functionality and allomaternal care were also recorded and discussed. This work contributes to an understanding of the ontogenetic development of a poorly known aspect of this species, and thus for a more understanding of the genus Alouatta LacĂ©pĂšde, 1799.<br>O desenvolvimento das interaçÔes do infante primata com a mĂŁe e demais membros do grupo social tem importĂąncia na etologia e na demografia da espĂ©cie, apresentando profundas conseqĂŒĂȘncias para sua sobrevivĂȘncia e portanto, na conservação da espĂ©cie. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o desenvolvimento de um infante de Alouatta guariba (Humboldt, 1812) em vida livre, seu comportamento e interaçÔes durante os sete primeiros meses de vida, em um remanescente de Floresta OmbrĂłfila Mista, Estado do ParanĂĄ, Brasil. AtravĂ©s do mĂ©todo de varredura instantĂąnea com intervalo de cinco minutos, um total de 46 horas e 15 minutos de observaçÔes diretas (555 registros individuais) mostraram que os padrĂ”es comportamentais do infante foram de alta dependĂȘncia nos primeiros quatro meses, diminuindo progressivamente atĂ© o aparecimento dos comportamentos tĂ­picos de indivĂ­duos juvenis durante os Ășltimos trĂȘs meses. Os primeiros registros de alimentação sĂłlida, funcionalidade da cauda e registros de cuidados alomaternais tambĂ©m foram tomados e discutidos, contribuindo para o entendimento do desenvolvimento deste infante

    Papagaio-de-peito-roxo Amazona vinacea (Kuhl) (Aves: Psittacidae) no norte do Esp\uedrito Santo: redescoberta e conserva\ue7\ue3o

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    Amazona vinacea (Kuhl, 1820) Ă© uma espĂ©cie endĂȘmica da Mata AtlĂąntica e ameaçada de extinção no Brasil e no mundo. NĂŁo existem relatos recentes de sua presença na porção setentrional de sua distribuição ao norte do estado do Rio de Janeiro. O Ășltimo Ă© datado provavelmente de 1991, tendo sido considerado extinto ao norte do EspĂ­rito Santo. O presente trabalho noticia a redescoberta da espĂ©cie em Alto Rio Novo, noroeste do EspĂ­rito Santo, divisa com Minas Gerais. Foram registrados bandos em duas localidades em dezembro de 2005, sendo o maior deles composto por 28 indivĂ­duos. Durante os registros foi observado A. vinacea se alimentando de Anadenanthera sp. (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae), uma nova fonte alimentar para a espĂ©cie. Os registros histĂłricos mais recentes para a regiĂŁo citam localidades com distĂąncia inferior a 35 km dos atuais registros, reforçando a importĂąncia local. No entanto, a degradação ambiental e a captura ilegal representam obstĂĄculos Ă  conservação da espĂ©cie nesta regiĂŁo. Em dezembro de 2002 foi criado o Parque Nacional dos PontĂ”es Capixabas, primeira Unidade de Conservação na porção serrana do norte do EspĂ­rito Santo. Uma das ĂĄreas histĂłricas da espĂ©cie estĂĄ incluĂ­da em seus limites e um dos locais onde foi agora redescoberto fica a cerca de 10 km de distĂąncia da borda do parque. Essa Unidade de Conservação Ă© essencial Ă  proteção de trechos nativos da Mata AtlĂąntica e conseqĂŒentemente do papagaio-de-peito-roxo. AlĂ©m de medidas conservacionistas, a aquisição de informaçÔes sobre as populaçÔes de A. vinacea no noroeste do EspĂ­rito Santo e leste de Minas Gerais torna-se indispensĂĄvel para a proposição de medidas de manejo capazes de reverter o grave quadro atual, objetivando viabilizar a permanĂȘncia de populaçÔes na regiĂŁo mais setentrional da distribuição conhecida atualmente para a espĂ©cie.<br>Endemic of the Atlantic Forest, Amazona vinacea (Kuhl, 1820) is listed as endangered in Brazil and at the international level. Lack of recent reports north of Rio de Janeiro state, including the northern portion of EspĂ­rito Santo state (where it had been found probably till 1991) suggested the species had vanished from this part of the range. The present paper reports the rediscovery of A. vinacea in Alto Rio Novo region, northwestern EspĂ­rito Santo. Two flocks were seen in two different places, the largest one with 28 parrots was found in December 2005. The flocks of A. vinacea were eating seeds of Anadenanthera sp. (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae), a new resource for this parrot. Historical data list places up to 35 km from the two localities where the flocks were now found, stressing its regional importance for the Vinaceous Amazon. However, the continuous habitat degradation of the last forest remnants in the region and illegal capture of nestlings are considered the main constrain for this population's conservation. As recently as December 2002, the PontĂ”es Capixabas National Park has been created. It is the first Conservation Unit in the mountains of northern EspĂ­rito Santo state. Luckily, it protects a historical place of the Vinaceous Amazon in the region and encompasses forested remnants suitable for the species. Its current limit is some 10 km apart from one of the places where the parrot was found in this study. Besides the conservation, data gathering on the Vinaceous Amazon populations in northwestern EspĂ­rito Santo state and the nearby region of Minas Gerais state are critical for the species future in the area. A management plan could be then established, aiming to conserve the current northernmost currently known population of this parrot

    Safety and efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce ileus after colorectal surgery

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    Background: Ileus is common after elective colorectal surgery, and is associated with increased adverse events and prolonged hospital stay. The aim was to assess the role of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for reducing ileus after surgery. Methods: A prospective multicentre cohort study was delivered by an international, student- and trainee-led collaborative group. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The primary outcome was time to gastrointestinal recovery, measured using a composite measure of bowel function and tolerance to oral intake. The impact of NSAIDs was explored using Cox regression analyses, including the results of a centre-specific survey of compliance to enhanced recovery principles. Secondary safety outcomes included anastomotic leak rate and acute kidney injury. Results: A total of 4164 patients were included, with a median age of 68 (i.q.r. 57\u201375) years (54\ub79 per cent men). Some 1153 (27\ub77 per cent) received NSAIDs on postoperative days 1\u20133, of whom 1061 (92\ub70 per cent) received non-selective cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors. After adjustment for baseline differences, the mean time to gastrointestinal recovery did not differ significantly between patients who received NSAIDs and those who did not (4\ub76 versus 4\ub78 days; hazard ratio 1\ub704, 95 per cent c.i. 0\ub796 to 1\ub712; P = 0\ub7360). There were no significant differences in anastomotic leak rate (5\ub74 versus 4\ub76 per cent; P = 0\ub7349) or acute kidney injury (14\ub73 versus 13\ub78 per cent; P = 0\ub7666) between the groups. Significantly fewer patients receiving NSAIDs required strong opioid analgesia (35\ub73 versus 56\ub77 per cent; P &lt; 0\ub7001). Conclusion: NSAIDs did not reduce the time for gastrointestinal recovery after colorectal surgery, but they were safe and associated with reduced postoperative opioid requirement
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