Tunesischer Cyberaktivismus in Blog und E-Book:Sami Ben Gharbia und Lina Ben Mhenni zwischen Selbstbeschreibung und politischer Partizipation

Der Beitrag untersucht, wie die Subjektkonstitution der tunesischen Cyberaktivisten in ihren Blogs und E-Books diskursiv vonstattengeht. Der politische Blog als Möglichkeit der direkten Berichterstattung aus einem Krisengebiet wird hier zum Ausdrucksmedium eines Subjekts, das zusätzlich ergänzend auf weitere Medienformate (E-Books, Facebook, gedruckte Publikationen) zurückgreift, um sich zu konstituieren. Dem Blog kommt als Medienpraxis über den Ausdruck und die Ausarbeitung einer subjektiven Selbstdarstellung im Sinne einer technique de soi im politischen Kontext die Funktionen der Dokumentation, Aufarbeitung und Veröffentlichung des Erlebten zu. <br

Einleitung: Subjekthaftigkeit, Digitalität, Fiktion und Alltagswirklichkeit

Welche Ansätze und welche Perspektiven finden sich in der gegenwärtigen Forschung zum Subjekt und den daran gekoppelten Praktiken, Formen, Kulturen und Ordnungen? Welche Aspekte des Digitalen gilt es in dieser Hinsicht präzise zu bestimmen und wie genau passen die Kategorien des Subjekts und des Digitalen zusammen? Die Einleitung wirft einen Blick auf wesentliche Positionen der gegenwärtigen Subjektforschung, fragt nach dem Beitrag, den die Literaturwissenschaft dabei erbringen kann und stellt knapp die Aufsätze dieses Sammelbandes vor

Bridging big data: procedures for combining non-equivalent cognitive measures from the ENIGMA Consortium

Investigators in the cognitive neurosciences have turned to Big Data to address persistent replication and reliability issues by increasing sample sizes, statistical power, and representativeness of data. While there is tremendous potential to advance science through open data sharing, these efforts unveil a host of new questions about how to integrate data arising from distinct sources and instruments. We focus on the most frequently assessed area of cognition - memory testing - and demonstrate a process for reliable data harmonization across three common measures. We aggregated raw data from 53 studies from around the world which measured at least one of three distinct verbal learning tasks, totaling N = 10,505 healthy and brain-injured individuals. A mega analysis was conducted using empirical bayes harmonization to isolate and remove site effects, followed by linear models which adjusted for common covariates. After corrections, a continuous item response theory (IRT) model estimated each individual subject’s latent verbal learning ability while accounting for item difficulties. Harmonization significantly reduced inter-site variance by 37% while preserving covariate effects. The effects of age, sex, and education on scores were found to be highly consistent across memory tests. IRT methods for equating scores across AVLTs agreed with held-out data of dually-administered tests, and these tools are made available for free online. This work demonstrates that large-scale data sharing and harmonization initiatives can offer opportunities to address reproducibility and integration challenges across the behavioral sciences

Evolution over Time of Ventilatory Management and Outcome of Patients with Neurologic Disease∗

OBJECTIVES: To describe the changes in ventilator management over time in patients with neurologic disease at ICU admission and to estimate factors associated with 28-day hospital mortality. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of three prospective, observational, multicenter studies. SETTING: Cohort studies conducted in 2004, 2010, and 2016. PATIENTS: Adult patients who received mechanical ventilation for more than 12 hours. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Among the 20,929 patients enrolled, we included 4,152 (20%) mechanically ventilated patients due to different neurologic diseases. Hemorrhagic stroke and brain trauma were the most common pathologies associated with the need for mechanical ventilation. Although volume-cycled ventilation remained the preferred ventilation mode, there was a significant (p &lt; 0.001) increment in the use of pressure support ventilation. The proportion of patients receiving a protective lung ventilation strategy was increased over time: 47% in 2004, 63% in 2010, and 65% in 2016 (p &lt; 0.001), as well as the duration of protective ventilation strategies: 406 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2004, 523 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2010, and 585 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2016 (p &lt; 0.001). There were no differences in the length of stay in the ICU, mortality in the ICU, and mortality in hospital from 2004 to 2016. Independent risk factors for 28-day mortality were age greater than 75 years, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II greater than 50, the occurrence of organ dysfunction within first 48 hours after brain injury, and specific neurologic diseases such as hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, and brain trauma. CONCLUSIONS: More lung-protective ventilatory strategies have been implemented over years in neurologic patients with no effect on pulmonary complications or on survival. We found several prognostic factors on mortality such as advanced age, the severity of the disease, organ dysfunctions, and the etiology of neurologic disease