A Picture Is Worth a Thousand Words: Code Clone Detection Based on Image Similarity

This paper introduces a new code clone detection technique based on image similarity. The technique captures visual perception of code seen by humans in an IDE by applying syntax highlighting and images conversion on raw source code text. We compared two similarity measures, Jaccard and earth mover’s distance (EMD) for our image-based code clone detection technique. Jaccard similarity offered better detection performance than EMD. The F1 score of our technique on detecting Java clones with pervasive code modifications is comparable to five well-known code clone detectors: CCFinderX, Deckard, iClones, NiCad, and Simian. A Gaussian blur filter is chosen as a normalisation technique for type-2 and type-3 clones. We found that blurring code images before similarity computation resulted in higher precision and recall. The detection performance after including the blur filter increased by 1 to 6 percent. The manual investigation of clone pairs in three software systems revealed that our technique, while it missed some of the true clones, could also detect additional true clone pairs missed by NiCad

Approach for testing the material behavior in roll forming in a small scale

Roll forming of ultra-high strength steels (UHSS) and other high strength alloys is an advanced manufacturing methodology with the ability of cold forming those materials to complex three-dimensional shapes for lightweight structural applications. Due to their high strength, most of these materials have a reduced ductility which excludes conventional sheet forming methods under cold forming conditions. Roll forming is possible due to its low strains and incremental forming characteristic. Recent research investigates the development of high strength nano-structured aluminum sheet and titanium alloys, as well as their behaviour in roll forming with regard to formability, material behaviour and shape defects. The development of new materials is often limited to small scale samples due to the high preparation costs. In contrast, industrial application needs larger scale tests for validation, especially in roll forming where a minimum sheet length is required to feed the sample trough the roll forming machine. This work describes a novel technique for studying roll forming of a short length of experimental material. DP780 steel strips (500mm &ndash; 1300mm length) were welded between two mild steel carrier sheets of similar width and thickness giving an overall strip length of 2m. Roll forming trials were performed and longitudinal edge strain, bow and springback determined on the welded samples and samples formed of full length DP780 strip before and after cut off. The experimental results of this work show that this method gives a reasonable approach for predicting material behavior in roll forming transverse to the rolling direction. In contrast to that significant differences in longitudinal bow were observed between the welded sections and the sections formed of full length DP780 strip; this indicates that the applicability of this method is limited with regard to predicting longitudinal material behavior in roll forming.<br /

The Iowa Homemaker vol.7, no.1

Table of Contents Modern Dress – Controversial Article, page 1 What’s In a Name? by Marcia E. Turner, page 2 Helps for the Spring Market Basket by Margaret L. Marnette, page 3 Lacquer for Ktichen Tables by Della J. Norton, page 3 A Pressure or a Fireless Cooker – Which? by Ethel Cessna Morgan, page 4 4-H Page, page 6 Iowa State Home Economics Association Page, page 8 News Notes, page 10 Editorial, page 11 Who’s There and Where, page 12 The Children’s Hour by Mary E. Moser, page 14 Hammer, Saw, Paint Brush and Nerve by Eleanor Baur, page 15 Had Your Iron Today?, page 1

Sutureless Valve in Repeated Aortic Valve Replacement: Results from an International Prospective Registry

Objective: To report early and midterm results registry of patients undergoing repeated aortic valve replacement (RAVR) with sutureless prostheses from an international prospective registry (SURE-AVR). Methods: Between March 2011 and June 2019, 69 patients underwent RAVR with self-expandable sutureless aortic bioprostheses at 22 international cardiac centers.Results: Overall mortality was 2.9% with a predicted logistic EuroSCORE 11 of 10.7%. Indications for RAVR were structural valve dysfunction (84.1%) and infective prosthetic endocarditis (15.9%) and were performed in patients with previously implanted bioprostheses (79.7%), mechanical valves (15.9%), and transcatheter valves (4.3%). Minimally invasive approach was performed in 15.9% of patients. Rate of stroke was 1.4% and rate of early valve-related reintervention was 1.4%. Overall survival rate at 1 and 5 years was 97% and 91%, respectively. No major paravalvular leak occurred. Rate of pacemaker implantation was 5.8% and 0.9% per patient-year early and at follow-up, respectively. The mean transvalvular gradient at 1-year and 5-year follow-up was 10.5 mmHg and 11.5 mmHg with a median effective orifice area of 1.8 cm 2 and 1.8 cm 2 , respectively. Conclusions: RAVR with sutureless valves is a safe and effective approach and provides excellent clinical and hemodynamic results up to 5 years

Seasonal variations in pore water and sediment geochemistry of littoral lake sediments (Asylum Lake, MI, USA)

BACKGROUND: Seasonal changes in pore water and sediment redox geochemistry have been observed in many near-surface sediments. Such changes have the potential to strongly influence trace metal distribution and thus create seasonal fluctuations in metal mobility and bioavailability. RESULTS: Seasonal trends in pore water and sediment geochemistry are assessed in the upper 50 cm of littoral kettle lake sediments. Pore waters are always redox stratified, with the least compressed redox stratification observed during fall and the most compressed redox stratification observed during summer. A 2-step sequential sediment extraction yields much more Fe in the first step, targeted at amorphous Fe(III) (hydr)oxides (AEF), then in the second step, which targets Fe(II) monosulfides. Fe extracted in the second step is relatively invariant with depth or season. In contrast, AEF decreases with sediment depth, and is seasonally variable, in agreement with changes in redox stratification inferred from pore water profiles. A 5-step Tessier extraction scheme was used to assess metal association with operationally-defined exchangeable, carbonate, iron and manganese oxide (FMO), organic/sulfide and microwave-digestible residual fractions in cores collected during winter and spring. Distribution of metals in these two seasons is similar. Co, As, Cd, and U concentrations approach detection limits. Fe, Cu and Pb are mostly associated with the organics/sulfides fraction. Cr and Zn are mostly associated with FMO. Mn is primarily associated with carbonates, and Co is nearly equally distributed between the FMO and organics/sulfide fractions. CONCLUSION: This study clearly demonstrates that near-surface lake sediment pore water redox stratification and associated solid phase geochemistry vary significantly with season. This has important ramifications for seasonal changes in the bioavailability and mobility of trace elements. Without rate measurements, it is not possible to quantify the contribution of various processes to natural organic matter degradation. However, the pore water and solid phase data suggest that iron reduction and sulfate reduction are the dominant pathways in the upper 50 cm of these sediments

Roll-formability of cryo-rolled ultrafine aluminium sheet

Ultrafine-grain aluminium sheet was produced by rolling at cryogenic (CR) and at room temperature (RTR). Commercial purity aluminium plate was reduced in 30 passes from an initial material thickness of 10 mm to a final thickness of 2 mm (80% reduction). Tensile stress and strength were significantly increased while total elongation was drastically reduced. It was found that despite the low tensile elongation both materials are able to accommodate high localised strains in the neck leading to a high reduction in area. The formability of the material was further investigated in bending operations. A minimum bending radius of 6 mm (CR) and 5 mm (RTR) was found and pure bending tests showed homogeneous forming behaviour for both materials. In V-die bending the cryo-rolled material showed strain localisations across the final radius and kinking of the sample. It has been found that even if the total elongation in tension is close to zero leading to early failure in V-die bending, ultra-fine grained and low ductile sheet metals can be roll formed to simple section shapes with small radii using commercial roll forming equipment

surgery of the Aortorenal Intersection, 1975 to 1991 in Liege

peer reviewe

Analysis of Endotoxin Effects on Pulmonary Circulation in Terms of Pressure-Flow Characteristics

The purpose of the present work was to explore the hypothesis that pulmonary vasoconstriction secondary to endotoxin insult results mainly from an increase in the critical closing pressure of the pulmonary vessels. Specifically, we reasoned that in the face of a Starling resistor located between pulmonary arteries and left atrium, upstream transmission of increased left atrial pressure (Pla) would be inversely related to the level of the pressure intercept (Pi) obtained by extrapolation from the linear pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa)--flow (Q degrees) plot. Six dogs (group E) were infused with Escherichia coli endotoxin (0.25 microgram/kg/min) for 2 hr, whereas six additional dogs (group C) served as control. During baseline conditions, Pi approximated LAP in both groups. In group C dogs, increasing LAP at constant Q degrees led to a proportional augmentation of Ppa. In group E dogs, endotoxin resulted in a shift of the Ppa-Q relationships to higher pressures due to both increases in Pi and slope. In addition, changes in Pla over the same range as in control dogs affected Ppa only at the highest levels of Pla. We conclude that endotoxin insult increases the critical closing pressure that exceeds Pla and induces the occurrence of a Starling resistor responsible for the production of an effective vascular waterfall

Antimitotic activity of strychnopentamine, a bisindolic alkaloid

Strychnopentamine has been tested for its cytotoxicity and antitumor activities and compared with two other bisindolic alkaloids that possess an usambarane skeleton. The presence of a N-methylpyrrolidine group increases the antimitotic activity of this type of alkaloids

Effects of dihydroflavopereirine and sempervirine (beta-carbolinium alkaloids) on cancer cells in culture

The cellular effects of dihydroflavopereirine and sempervirine ( two alkaloids isolated from Loganiaceae) are analysed by cytological methods in experimental tumours cultivated in vitro ( B16 mouse melanoma cells, mouse Ehrlich tumour cells ELT). Under some experimental conditions, a certain degree of antimitotic activity is demonstrated and related to the molecular structure