Analysis of Y-STR polymorphism among Temiar sub-tribe of orang asli Kelantan / Marlia Marzukhi

Orang Asli is the Bumiputera group that can be found in Peninsular Malaysia and they are divided into three main sub-tribes namely Senoi, Proto-Malay and Negrito. Each tribe are further divided into various sub-tribes based on their physical appearance, culture and settlement. Temiar is one of the Senoi sub-tribes that can be found mostly in Perak, Pahang and Kelantan. The study on analysis of Y-STR polymorphism among Temiar sub-tribe of Orang Asli in Kelantan was done to determine the genetic characteristic that occur in the Temiar population using five Y-STR loci; DYS385a/b, DYS389I/II, and DYS393. Fifty buccal swab samples of unrelated male individuals from the Temiar sub-tribes from two villages in Kelantan were analyzed using the selected markers and PCR amplifications. The allelic frequency, gene diversity, haplotype diversity, locus diversity and discrimination capacity were calculated for the selected markers. The overall haplotype diversity for the five Y-STR tested was 0.902 (SE ± 0.015) and the discrimination capacity was 0.400. The Y-TSR analysis for the different villages showed that more genetic variations occurred in Kg Hendrop compared to Kg Tuel. The haplotype diversity for the five Y-STR tested for Kg Tuel and Kg Hendrop were 0.883 (SE ± 0.029) and 0.954 (SE ± 0.029) respectively. The discrimination capacity for Kg Tuel and Kg Hendrop were 0.375 and 0.677 respectively. More haplotypes were observed in Kg Hendrop compared to Kg Tuel although the size of the population in Kg Tuel was larger than that of Kg Hendrop. The single locus diversity ranged from the highest in DYS385a/b to the lowest in DYS393 with the values of 0.915 (SE ± 0.038) and 0.232 (SE ± 0.054) respectively. AMOVA and PCoA analysis showed a small variation which occurred between the two Temiar's populations suggesting that the geographic factor has limited impact on genetic differentiation. The findings from this study will contribute to the information on the Temiar sub-tribe in Kelantan based on Y-STR polymorphism in the database of the Malaysian sub-ethnic group. This study will also be useful as inclusion or exclusion factors in forensic applications

Polymorphism of 11 Y Chromosome Short Tandem Repeat Markers among Malaysian Aborigines

The conventional technique such as patrilocality suggests some substantial effects on population diversity. With that, this particular study investigated the paternal line, specifically Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM)-recommended Y-STR markers, namely, DYS19, DYS385, DYS389I/II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS438, and DYS439. These markers were tested to compare 184 Orang Asli individuals from 3 tribes found in Peninsular Malaysia. As a result, the haplotype diversity and the discrimination capacity obtained were 0.9987 and 0.9076, respectively. Besides, the most diverse marker was DYS385b, whereas the least was DYS391. Furthermore, the Senoi and Proto-Malay tribes were found to be the most distant, whereas the Senoi and Negrito clans were almost similar to each other. In addition, the analysis of molecular variance analysis revealed 82% of variance within the population, but only 18% of difference between the tribes. Finally, the phylogenetic trees constructed using Neighbour Joining and UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) displayed several clusters that were tribe specific. With that, future studies are projected to analyse individuals based on more specific sub-tribes