Sample characteristics among NHANES 2007–2010 participants (n = 9427).

<p>Sample characteristics among NHANES 2007–2010 participants (n = 9427).</p

Linear Regression Estimates (β coefficients and 95% CI) of the association between clinical and demographic characteristics and NLR according to racial subgroups.

<p>*p = 0.04;</p>#<p>p<0.0001;</p><p>∧p = 0.01.</p><p>Linear Regression Estimates (β coefficients and 95% CI) of the association between clinical and demographic characteristics and NLR according to racial subgroups.</p

Average Values and Racial Differences of Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio among a Nationally Representative Sample of United States Subjects

<div><p>Introduction</p><p>Several studies reported the negative impact of elevated neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on outcomes in many surgical and medical conditions. Previous studies used arbitrary NLR cut-off points according to the average of the populations under study. There is no data on the average NLR in the general population. The aim of this study is to explore the average values of NLR and according to race in adult non-institutional United States individuals by using national data.</p><p>Methods</p><p>The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) of aggregated cross-sectional data collected from 2007 to 2010 was analyzed; data extracted included markers of systemic inflammation (neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, and NLR), demographic variables and other comorbidities. Subjects who were prescribed steroids, chemotherapy, immunomodulators and antibiotics were excluded. Adjusted linear regression models were used to examine the association between demographic and clinical characteristics and neutrophil counts, lymphocyte counts, and NLR.</p><p>Results</p><p>Overall 9427 subjects are included in this study. The average value of neutrophils is 4.3k cells/mL, of lymphocytes 2.1k cells/mL; the average NLR is 2.15. Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic participants have significantly lower mean NLR values (1.76, 95% CI 1.71–1.81 and 2.08, 95% CI 2.04–2.12 respectively) when compared to non-Hispanic Whites (2.24, 95% CI 2.19–2.28–p<0.0001). Subjects who reported diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and smoking had significantly higher NLR than subjects who did not. Racial differences regarding the association of smoking and BMI with NLR were observed.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>This study is providing preliminary data on racial disparities in a marker of inflammation, NLR, that has been associated with several chronic diseases outcome, suggesting that different cut-off points should be set according to race. It also suggests that racial differences exist in the inflammatory response to environmental and behavioral risk factors.</p></div

Adjusted Linear Regression Estimates of the association between demographic and clinical characteristics and Neutrophil and Lymphocyte Values (n = 7736).

<p>Adjusted Linear Regression Estimates of the association between demographic and clinical characteristics and Neutrophil and Lymphocyte Values (n = 7736).</p

Number (percent) of participants by individual, family, and neighborhood factors among asthmatics and non-asthmatics (<i>n</i> = 3114).

*<p>p<0.05.</p

Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for two-level random intercept models for reporting lifetime asthma exposure for exposure and covariates.

a<p>Model 1 Unadjusted results of neighborhood characteristics.</p>b<p>Model 2 Neighborhood characteristics adjusted for individual characteristics.</p>c<p>Model 3 Neighborhood characteristics adjusted for individual and family characteristics.</p>d<p>Model 4 Neighborhood characteristics adjusted for individual, family, and neighborhood characteristics.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Financial hardship and mental health among cancer survivors during the COVID-19 pandemic: An analysis of the US COVID-19 Household Impact Survey.docx

PurposeOur objective was to (1) identify associated characteristics of financial hardship (FH), and (2) evaluate associations of FH with mental health symptoms among cancer survivors during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsUsing data from the nationally representative COVID-19 Impact Survey, we defined cancer survivors as those with a self-reported diagnosis of cancer (n = 854,7.6%). We defined FH using the following question: “Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for an unexpected $400 expense?” Multivariable Poisson regression was used to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) to identify associated characteristics of FH and associations of FH with mental health symptoms among cancer survivors overall and by age (18–59 years/60+ years).ResultsForty-one percent of cancer survivors reported FH, with 58% in 18–59 and 33% in 60+ year old respondents. Compared to cancer survivors aged 60+ years, those aged 30–44 (aPR:1.74,95% CI:1.35–2.24), and 45–59 years (aPR:1.60,95% CI:1.27–1.99) were more likely to report FH. Compared to non–Hispanic(NH)–White cancer survivors, NH–Black cancer survivors had a 56% higher prevalence of FH (aPR:1.56; 95% CI: 1.23–1.97). Among 60+ years aged cancer survivors, NH–Black (aPR:1.80; 95% CI: 1.32–2.45) and NH–Asian cancer survivors (aPR:10.70,95% CI:5.6–20.7) were more likely to experience FH compared to their NH–White counterparts. FH was associated with feeling anxious (aPR:1.51,95% CI:1.11–2.05), depressed (aPR:1.66,95% CI:1.25–2.22), and hopeless (aPR:1.84,95% CI:1.38–2.44).ConclusionMinoritized communities, younger adults, and cancer survivors with low socioeconomic status had a higher burden of FH, which was associated with feelings of anxiety, depression, and hopelessness.</p

Survival according to type of treatment (SEER database).

<p>Survival according to type of treatment (SEER database).</p