Binary algorithm for the diagnostic evaluation of visceral leishmaniasis (VL, also known as kala-azar) in South Asia.

<p>Investigations for alternative pathogens that may give rise to a similar clinical syndrome are not considered in such an algorithm.</p

Overview of SOPs for the three syndromes addressed in the NIDIAG consortium.

<p>Overview of SOPs for the three syndromes addressed in the NIDIAG consortium.</p

Recommendations for addressing VL in Somalia.

<p>Recommendations for addressing VL in Somalia.</p

Overview of included studies from the published literature search.

<p>Overview of included studies from the published literature search.</p

The Challenges of Conducting Clinical Research on Neglected Tropical Diseases in Remote Endemic Areas in Sudan

<p>The Challenges of Conducting Clinical Research on Neglected Tropical Diseases in Remote Endemic Areas in Sudan</p

Predicted (1064 bp, 260 bp) amplicons and unpredicted (∼400–500 bp) amplicons with HASPB PCR primers LdonHASPBfor and LdonHASPBrev.

<p>Amplifications from strains HU3 (LV9), Hussen, UGX-MARROW, and LRC-L57, are depicted; mk = Hyperladder I.</p

Multiple amplicons corresponding to kinesin tandem repeats are produced by PCR primers LdonK39F and LdonK39R.

<p>Amplifications from strains HU3 (LV9), Hussen, and UGX-MARROW, are depicted. Major amplicon sizes differ by 117 bp, the size of the nucleotide sequence encoding the 39aa repeat in the kinesin gene; mk = Hyperladder I (Bioline).</p

Unexpected visitor during a GCP/GCLP training workshop in Tabarak Allah Health Centre, Sudan.

<p>Unexpected visitor during a GCP/GCLP training workshop in Tabarak Allah Health Centre, Sudan.</p

GenBank sequences used in comparisons.

a<p>Described in <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002057#pntd.0002057-Dey1" target="_blank">[11]</a> as clinical isolate, not laboratory strain, so WHO code not given here.</p>b<p>Described in <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002057#pntd.0002057-Takagi1" target="_blank">[12]</a> as isolated from a Bangladeshi patient, but MHOM/IN/80/DD8 is also reported as being from India <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002057#pntd.0002057-WHO2" target="_blank">[6]</a>.</p>c<p><i>L. infantum</i> reference genome.</p>d<p><i>L. donovani</i> reference genome.</p>e<p>GenBank numbers refer to locations on the entire chromosome 23 sequence, to which both the kinesin and HASPB BLAST searches map.</p

East African <i>L. donovani</i> strains for which sequences were determined, with GenBank accession numbers.

a<p>MON and LON reference numbers refer to multilocus sequence enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) profiles.</p