Korruption: ein ungerechtfertigter Eingriff in internationale Menschenrechte? Chancen und Grenzen einer opferbezogenen Korruptionsperspektive

<p><b>Daily carbohydrate (A) and sugar (B) intake by groups and subgroups.</b> Carbohydrate (A) and sugar intake (B) as illustrated in percent. The boxes cover the first quartile on the bottom and the third quartile on the top. Whiskers reach from the minimum to the maximum value excluding outliers (illustrated by dots). Shift-working group and shift-working nursing-staff subgroup cover identical cohorts. NG, non-shift-working group; SG, shift-working group; SN, shift-working nursing-staff subgroup; NO, non-shift-working office-staff subgroup; NN, non-shift-working nursing-staff subgroup *p<0.05.</p

Specificity of a Polyclonal Fecal Elastase ELISA for CELA3 - Fig 1

<p>A) Detection of pancreatic elastase in human pancreatic juice. Human pancreatic juice (60μg protein) was separated by SDS-PAGE, blotted onto nitrocellulose membrane and detected with rabbit antisera against Elastase Peptides 1–3 (S1-3). B) Cross reactivity of polyclonal Elastase Ab with pancreatin. 250 μg pancreatin per lane were separated by SDS-PAGE, blotted onto nitrocellulose membrane and detected with Elastase antisera 1–3 and X, (S1-S3, SX). Only antiserum X showed cross-reactivity against pig pancreatin.</p

Comparison of fecal elastase levels in patients with pancreatic insufficiency before and after a minimum of 4 months of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy with pancreatin (at least 200.000 units per day.

<p>In seven of eight patients the polyclonal fecal elastase ELISA determined a reduction fecal elastase levels indicating reduced exocrine secretion under replacement therapy and excluding cross reactivity with elastases contained in pancreatin.</p

Immune precipitation of recombinant Elastase Isoforms CELA2A and CELA3A by rabbit antisera 1–3.

<p>HEK-293 cells were transiently transfected with Elastase-GFP-fusion constructs of elastase isoforms CELA2A and CELA3A. After 48h immune precipitations were performed from cell lysates with Elastase antisera 1–3 (S1-3) or Protein A sepharose alone (Ctrl). Total cell lysates are shown as an expression control (lane 9–10). Following SDS-Page, Western-blot detection was performed using anti-GFP antibody.</p

Circulating Angiopoietin-2 and Its Soluble Receptor Tie-2 Concentrations Are Related to Renal Function in Two Population-Based Cohorts

<div><p>Background</p><p>An intact angiopoietin/Tie-2 ligand receptor system is indispensable for life. High circulating angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) concentrations are strongly associated with kidney disease involving the progressive loss of glomerular filtration. The aim of our study was to investigate the associations between renal function and serum Ang-2 or serum Tie-2 concentrations in the general population.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Data of 3081 and 4088 subjects from two population-based studies, the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-1) and SHIP-Trend, were used. Renal function was assessed by serum creatinine, cystatin C concentration, creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR(crea)], cystatin C-based eGFR [eGFR(cys)] and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR). Analyses of variance and linear regression models were calculated.</p><p>Results</p><p>In both cohorts, strong positive associations between serum cystatin C concentrations and serum Ang-2 or Tie-2 concentrations as well as inverse associations between eGFR(cys) and serum Ang-2 or Tie-2 concentrations were found. These relations were also present in a subpopulation without hypertension or diabetes mellitus type 2. Furthermore, we detected weak U-shaped associations between serum creatinine concentrations or eGFR(crea) and serum Ang-2 concentrations. With respect to uACR a strong positive association with serum Ang-2 concentrations was revealed.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Serum Ang-2 concentrations are strongly associated with sensitive parameters of renal impairment like serum cystatin C, uACR and eGFR(cys). These findings persisted even after exclusion of subjects with hypertension or diabetes mellitus type 2, conditions that predispose to chronic renal disease and are associated with increased Ang-2 concentrations. Interestingly, we did not detect the same strong relations between serum creatinine and eGFR(crea) with serum Ang-2 concentration. Additionally, significant association of serum Tie-2 concentrations with cystatin C and eGFR(cys) were detected.</p></div

Physical Activity, Energy Expenditure, Nutritional Habits, Quality of Sleep and Stress Levels in Shift-Working Health Care Personnel - Fig 8

<p><b>Daily carbohydrate (A) and sugar (B) intake by groups and subgroups.</b> Carbohydrate (A) and sugar intake (B) as illustrated in percent. The boxes cover the first quartile on the bottom and the third quartile on the top. Whiskers reach from the minimum to the maximum value excluding outliers (illustrated by dots). Shift-working group and shift-working nursing-staff subgroup cover identical cohorts. NG, non-shift-working group; SG, shift-working group; SN, shift-working nursing-staff subgroup; NO, non-shift-working office-staff subgroup; NN, non-shift-working nursing-staff subgroup *p<0.05.</p

Histograms and boxplots of serum angiopoietin-2 and Tie-2 receptor concentrations by study sample (SHIP-1 and SHIP-Trend).

<p>Histograms and boxplots of serum angiopoietin-2 and Tie-2 receptor concentrations by study sample (SHIP-1 and SHIP-Trend).</p

Boxplot of Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) in METS by groups and subgroups.

<p>The boxes cover the first quartile on the bottom and the third quartile on the top. Whiskers reach from the minimum to the maximum value excluding outliers (illustrated by dots). Shift-working group and shift-working nursing-staff subgroup cover identical cohorts. The dotted lines bounds the limits for hypermetabolic state (REE>1.1 METs) and hypometabolic state (REE<0.9 METs). NG, non-shift-working group; SG, shift-working group; SN, shift-working nursing-staff subgroup; NO, non-shift-working office-staff subgroup; NN, non-shift-working nursing-staff subgroup *p<0.05</p

Percentage of employees with disturbed sleeping quality due to Pittsburgh-Sleeping-Quality-Index (PSQI).

<p>All test subjects with PSQI-score>5 in groups and subgroups were labelled as having a disturbed sleeping quality. NG, non-shift-working group; SG, shift-working group; SN, shift-working nursing-staff subgroup; NO, non-shift-working office-staff subgroup; NN, non-shift-working nursing-staff subgroup.</p

Baseline characteristics stratified by study population.

<p>Baseline characteristics stratified by study population.</p