Baseline ECG parameters.

<p>Cycle lenghth, spontaneous heart rate, P wave duration and PQ time (A–D) showed a siginificant prolongation in TKO. QRS duration and QTc interval did not differ (E–F). n = 10 for TKO and n = 10 for WT.</p

Intracardiac ECG parameters and functional testing during the electrophysiological investigation.

<p>Significant differences were found in the infra-Hisian conduction that was markedly delayed in TKO (B). The 2∶1-AV-block occurred at significantly slower fixed atrial pacing cycle lengths in TKO (D). Both the atrial and the ventricular refractory period demonstrated significant prolongation in TKO (G–H). AH: Interval from first atrial signal to His signal. HV: Interval from His to first intracardiac ventricular signal. 2∶1-block: 2∶1-AV-nodal-block. SNRT: sinus node recovery time. AVNRP: AV nodal refractory period. n = 10 for TKO and n = 10 for WT.</p

Induction of ventricular tachycardias.

<p>Representative tracings of A: TKO mice and B: WT mice. Ventricular extrastimulus (VES) pacing close to the ventricular refractory time did not lead to ventricular tachycardias (VTs) in TKO mice (S1S2: 40 ms). In WT a short VT was induced by VES pacing (S1S2: 30 ms). Surf: Surface ECG. His: Intracardiac ECG close to HIS bundle.</p

Induction of atrial fibrillation.

<p>Representative tracings of A: TKO mice and B: WT mice. Atrial burst stimulation close to the refractory period (S1S1: 30 ms) failed to induce atrial fibrillation (AF) in TKO. The same burst led to the induction of an AF episode in WT that terminated spontaneously after 8.7 seconds. Surf: Surface ECG. His: Intracardiac ECG close to His bundle.</p

Representative ECG recordings of TKO and WT mice.

<p>A: Surface ECG. B: Intracardiac ECG at His–bundle level (A: first intracardiac atrial signal. H: His signal. V: first intracardiac ventricular signal).</p

Probability of induction of arrhythmias.

<p>The probability of induction of AF was significantly lower in TKO compared to WT. The probability of induction of VTs was highly significant lower in TKO as in this group not any VTs could be induced during the electrophysiological study. n = 10 for TKO and n = 10 for WT.</p

Baseline patient characteristics.

<p>ESS Epworth sleepiness scale, STS Society of Thoracic Surgeons, BMI body mass index, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDP, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, sPAP systolic pulmonary artery pressure.</p><p>Baseline patient characteristics.</p

Distribution of sleep apnoea, and its central and obstructive subtypes, is independent of left ventricular ejection fraction.

<p>Distribution of sleep apnoea, and its central and obstructive subtypes, is independent of left ventricular ejection fraction.</p

Comparison of clinical and hemodynamic parameters between patients without SDB or with OSA or CSA.

<p>ESS Epworth sleepiness scale, STS Society of Thoracic Surgeons, BMI body mass index, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEDP left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, sPAP systolic pulmonary artery pressure, AHI apnea-hypopnea-index, ODI oxygen desaturation index, HI hypopnoea index, AI apnoea index.</p><p>Comparison of clinical and hemodynamic parameters between patients without SDB or with OSA or CSA.</p

Statistics of survival analysis.

<p>Statistics of survival analysis.</p