Wasatiyyah Values Appreciation in the Syariah Governance as Consumer Understanding Education Mechanisme Towards Islamic Banking System

The concept and values of wasatiyyah are fundamental in Islamic banking practice as the syariahlaw has delineated basic muamalat principles as an operation guideline for the banking industry.So that, all kind of extreme characteristics may be prevented. The principles of wasatiyyah prohibitany element which overlooks the permitted limit namely gambling, uncertainty (gharar), usury,fraud and so on. These elements have to be avoided in life because they were clearly prohibited byAllah SWT due to their oppressive nature especially towards the unfortunate such as the poor orlow-income group. This prohibition is also attached with the heavy intimidation in the hereafter.The Islamic banking system upholds the concept of wasatiyyah through the values of fairness,trust, transparency and accountability which are instilled through the syariah governance system.The appreciation of these values is proposed to be a part of the new curriculum for the financialawareness subject has been presented by the Malaysia government in the 13th Parliamentarysession. It is important to educate and enhance the understanding of the public especially the youngabout the Islamic banking system as an alternative to avoid the prohibited conventional bankingsystem

Enhanced Erbium-Zirconia-Yttria-Aluminum Co-Doped Fiber Amplifier

An efficient optical amplifier is demonstrated using an improved erbium-zirconia-yttria-aluminum co-doped fiber (Zr-EDF) as the gain medium. With a combination of both Zr and Al, we could achieve a high erbium doping concentration with an absorption loss of around 80.0 dB/m at 980 nm. The Zr-EDF is obtained from a fiber preform, which is fabricated in a ternary glass host, i.e., a zirconia-yttria-aluminum co-doped silica fiber, using a modified chemical vapor deposition, in conjunction with a solution doping process. At the optimum length of 1 m, the Zr-EDF amplifier produces a flat gain of 38 dB within a wavelength region between 1530 and 1565 nm with a gain variation of less than 3 dB when the input signal power and 980 nm pump power are fixed at -30 dBm and 130 mW, respectively. The highest gain of 40.3 dB is obtained at 1560 nm wavelength. Compared with the previous Zr-EDF amplifier, the proposed Zr-EDFA shows improved gain, particularly at longer wavelengths. The gain is enhanced by about 15.8 dB at a wavelength of 1560 nm for an input signal of -30 dBm

Selection of the solvent and extraction conditions for maximum recovery of antioxidant phenolic compounds from coffee silverskin

The extraction of antioxidant phenolic compounds from coffee silverskin (CS) was studied. Firstly, the effect of different solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetone, and distilled water) on the production of antioxidant extracts was evaluated. All the extracts showed antioxidant activity (FRAP and DPPH assays), but those obtained with methanol and ethanol had significantly higher (p < 0.05) DPPH inhibition than the remaining ones. Due to the lower toxicity, ethanol was selected as extraction solvent, and further experiments were performed in order to define the solvent concentration, solvent/solid ratio, and time to maximize the extraction results. The best condition to produce an extract with high content of phenolic compounds (13 mg gallic acid equivalents/g CS) and antioxidant activity [DPPH = 18.24 μmol Trolox equivalents/g CS and FRAP = 0.83 mmol Fe(II)/g CS] was achieved when using 60 % ethanol in a ratio of 35 ml/g CS, during 30 min at 60–65 °C.This work was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT). The authors gratefully acknowledge Teresa Conde, student of Biological Engineering, for the help and interest in this work

Ice and pulsed electromagnetic field to reduce pain and swelling after distal radius fractures

Objective: To examine the relative effectiveness of ice therapy and/or pulsed electromagnetic field in reducing pain and swelling after the immobilization period following a distal radius fracture.Methods: A total of 83 subjects were randomly allocated to receive 30 minutes of either ice plus pulsed electromagnetic field (group A); ice plus sham pulsed electromagnetic field (group B); pulsed electromagnetic field alone (group C), or sham pulsed electromagnetic field treatment for 5 consecutive days (group D). All subjects received a standard home exercise programme. A visual analogue scale was used for recording pain; volumetric displacement for measuring the swelling of the forearm; and a hand-held goniometer for measuring the range of wrist motions before treatment on days 1, 3 and 5.Results: At day 5, a significantly greater cumulative reduction in the visual analogue scores as well as ulnar deviation range of motion was found in group A than the other 3 groups. For volumetric measurement and pronation, participants in group A performed better than subjects in group D but not those in group B.Conclusion: The addition of pulsed electromagnetic field to ice therapy produces better overall treatment outcomes than ice alone, or pulsed electromagnetic field alone in pain reduction and range of joint motion in ulnar deviation and flexion for a distal radius fracture after an immobilization period of 6 weeks.<br /

Performance analysis on double pass amplification using ZR-EDF and broadband fiber mirror (BFM)

A double-pass amplification is demonstrated by using a newly doped fiber named as Zirconia based erbium doped fiber (Zr-EDF) and a broadband fiber mirror (BFM). The performances of the double pass Zr-EDFA are compared with single pass Zr-EDFA at high and low input signal powers, -10 and -30 dBm, respectively. The double pass amplification is observed to give a better performance compared to single pass amplification. This is due to the double propagation of the forwarded and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) signal into the gain medium and thus will increase the attainable gain in the entire C- and L band wavelength region. BFM is used as the signal reflector to ensure the reflected signal will propagate twice into the gain medium. It is observed that the double pass performance at lower input signal power of -30 dBm shows the better amplification compared to the high input signal power of -10 dBm. With the lower input signal power of -30 dBm, the maximum gain of 40.3 dB is obtained for double pass amplification at wavelength of 1560 nm. The gain enhancement between the maximum gain of double and single pass amplification is observed to be around 11.7 dB for this lower input signal power

L-band mode-locked fiber laser delivering adjustable bright and dark pulses with erbium zirconia yttria aluminum co-doped fiber

We demonstrate the generation of adjustable bright and dark pulses from Erbium Zirconia Yttria Aluminum co-doped fiber (Zr-EDF) incorporated fiber ring laser with net anomalous dispersion. The fiber enhances the birefringence and nonlinearity of the laser cavity to produce a mode -locked pulse train operating at a relatively low pump threshold of 70 mW. Domain-wall dark pulses repeated at the fundamental cavity frequency is observed by adjusting the intra-cavity polarization state. The pulse repetition rate was maintained at 14.1 MHz throughout the dark pulse operation. It operates at 1601 nm with the pulse energy of 14.2 pJ at pump power of 70 mW. Besides, the dark pulse operation was demonstrated at high stability with SNR of 33 dB

Experimental Observation of Bright and Dark Solitons Mode-Locked with Zirconia-Based Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser

We demonstrate the generation of dark and bright solitons with our homemade zirconia-based erbium-doped fiber and graphene oxide (GO) saturable absorber in anomalous dispersion region. The GO is fabricated using an abridged Hummer's method, which is combined with polyethylene oxide to produce a composite film. The film is sandwiched between two optical ferrules and embedded in the laser cavity to enhance its birefringence and nonlinearity. The self-starting bright soliton is easily generated at pump power of 78mW with the whole length cavity of 14.7 m. The laser produces the bright pulse train with repetition rate, pulse width, pulse energy and central wavelength being 13.9 MHz, 0.6 ps, 2.74 pJ and 1577.46 nm, respectively. Then, by adding the 10m of single mode fiber into the laser cavity, dark soliton pulse is produced. For the formation of dark pulse train, the measured repetition rate, pulse width, pulse energy and central wavelength are 8.3 MHz, 20 ns and 4.98 pJ and 1596.82 nm, respectively. Both pulses operate in the anomalous region

Q-switched Zirconia-Yttria-Aluminium-Erbium-doped pulsed fiber laser with a pencil-core of graphene as saturable absorber

A flexible and controllable Q-switched using Zirconia-Yttria-Aluminium-Erbium-doped silica fibre as an active gain medium with pencil-core of graphene as saturable absorber (SA) was demonstrated. The zirconia fibre was fabricated using the modified chemical vapour deposition (MCVD) method, whereas the SA was fabricated using a simple and fast preparation of mechanical exfoliation technique from a pencil core of graphene material. At a maximum pump power of 121.5 mW, the repetition rate, pulse duration, signal-to-noise ratio and pulsed energy were 20 kHz, 0.011 mu s, 56 dB and 78.1 nJ, respectively

Performance comparison of enhanced Erbium-Zirconia-Yttria-Aluminum co-doped conventional erbium-doped fiber amplifiers

A new Erbium-Zirconia-Yttria-Aluminum co-doped fiber amplifier (Zr-EDFA) with improved gain and noise figure characteristics is successfully demonstrated using a newly developed Erbium-Zirconia-Yttria-Aluminum Co-Doped fiber (Zr-EDF) as the gain medium. The fiber consists of Er2O3-doped ZrO2 rich nano-crystalline particles and thus it has a high erbium doping concentration with absorption pump power around 80.0 dB/m at 980 nm. Compared to the conventional silica based Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (Si-EDFA), the gain of the proposed Zr-EDFA is more efficient especially at longer wavelength region. At input signal of -10 dBm, a flat gain of 19.5 dB is obtained for the single-pass Zr-EDFA with gain variation of less than 1 dB within a wavelength region from 1530 to 1570 nm. In double-pass configuration, the measured gain varies from 17.5 dB to 21.3 dB within the wavelength region from 1525 to 1565 nm, where the noise figure is maintained at below 10 dB. The double-pass Zr-EDFA gain is also maintained above 12 dB within a wavelength region from 1520 to 1600 nm. These results indicate that the Zr-EDFA can achieve even better flat-gain value and bandwidth as well as lower noise figure than the conventional Si-EDFA. (C) 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved

L-band mode-locked fiber laser delivering adjustable bright and dark pulses with erbium zirconia yttria aluminum co-doped fiber

We demonstrate the generation of adjustable bright and dark pulses from Erbium Zirconia Yttria Aluminum co-doped fiber (Zr-EDF) incorporated fiber ring laser with net anomalous dispersion. The fiber enhances the birefringence and nonlinearity of the laser cavity to produce a mode-locked pulse train operating at a relatively low pump threshold of 70 mW. Domain-wall dark pulses repeated at the fundamental cavity frequency is observed by adjusting the intra-cavity polarization state. The pulse repetition rate was maintained at 14.1 MHz throughout the dark pulse operation. It operates at 1601 nm with the pulse energy of 14.2 pJ at pump power of 70 mW. Besides, the dark pulse operation was demonstrated at high stability with SNR of 33 dB