U.S. Population, Energy & Climate Change

Explains how U.S. population trends tend to exacerbate both the causes and effects of climate change. Outlines how population density and composition affect energy and land use, the role each U.S. region plays in climate change, and the risks they face

Inferring bulk self-assembly properties from simulations of small systems with multiple constituent species and small systems in the grand canonical ensemble

In this paper we generalize a methodology [T. E. Ouldridge, A. A. Louis, and J. P. K. Doye, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter {\bf 22}, 104102 (2010)] for dealing with the inference of bulk properties from small simulations of self-assembling systems of characteristic finite size. In particular, schemes for extrapolating the results of simulations of a single self-assembling object to the bulk limit are established in three cases: for assembly involving multiple particle species, for systems with one species localized in space and for simulations in the grand canonical ensemble. Furthermore, methodologies are introduced for evaluating the accuracy of these extrapolations. Example systems demonstrate that differences in cluster concentrations between simulations of a single self-assembling structure and bulk studies of the same model under identical conditions can be large, and that convergence on bulk results as system size is increased can be slow and non-trivial.Comment: Accepted by J. Chem. Phy

Entanglement Generation from Thermal Spin States via Unitary Beam Splitters

We suggest a method of generating distillable entanglement form mixed states unitarily, by utilizing the flexibility of dimension od occupied Hilbert space. We present a model of a thermal spin state entering a beam splitter generating entanglement. It is the truncation of the state that allows for entanglement generation. The output entanglement is investigated for different temperatures and it is found that more randomness - in the form of higher temperature - is better for this set up.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures. Small changes in accordance with journal advice to make more readable. Improved discussion on implemetability of scheme, and references adde

Entanglement of multiparty stabilizer, symmetric, and antisymmetric states

We study various distance-like entanglement measures of multipartite states under certain symmetries. Using group averaging techniques we provide conditions under which the relative entropy of entanglement, the geometric measure of entanglement and the logarithmic robustness are equivalent. We consider important classes of multiparty states, and in particular show that these measures are equivalent for all stabilizer states, symmetric basis and antisymmetric basis states. We rigorously prove a conjecture that the closest product state of permutation symmetric states can always be chosen to be permutation symmetric. This allows us to calculate the explicit values of various entanglement measures for symmetric and antisymmetric basis states, observing that antisymmetric states are generally more entangled. We use these results to obtain a variety of interesting ensembles of quantum states for which the optimal LOCC discrimination probability may be explicitly determined and achieved. We also discuss applications to the construction of optimal entanglement witnesses