Anaerobic biodegradation of an organic by-products leachate by interaction with different mine tailings

Abstract: Deinking by-products from paper recycling has been used as cover material on acid-producing tailings. Due to remaining cellulose, anaerobic degradation leads to the production of an organic-rich leachate, which may percolate through the tailings. This study aims at describing the influence of the tailings’ characteristics on the attenuation of organic matter in leachate and at discussing the degradation mechanisms. To this end, leachate was mixed with different types of tailings, includ ing three unoxidized tailings with varying acid generation potentials and one tailing in three states of oxidation. Regularly, selected biochemical parameters were analyzed to access the evolution of organic components. The results show that when deinking by-products leachate was placed in contact with tailings, phase and acid-base balance reactions took place in the beginning. Subsequently, oxidationreduction reactions dominated the chemistry of the system. The type, the constituents and the state of oxid ation of the mine tailings condition the mechanisms of biodegradation of organic components. Methanogenesis was predominant in the control sample (pure organic leachate) but was absent in all leachate-tailings mixes. No biodegradation was observed in the liquid phase for oxidized tailings and the organic concentration remained constant for unoxidized tailings, independently of the acid-generation potential. The biodegradation efficiency was optimal when the leachate was in contact with a mixture of oxidized and unoxidized tailings due to sulfate-reduction

Emission factor modelling and database for light vehicles - Artemis deliverable 3

In the frame of the Artemis project, the emission models for atmospheric pollutants have been updated and strongly improved for the road light vehicles. This development is based on a wide and specific measurement campaign, with more than 150 vehicles and about 3500 tests for a large number of pollutants, regulated and non regulated ones. The results of these measurements carried out by several European laboratories are included in a database especially designed, the Artemis LVEM database, available and open to future European measurements data. The Artemis model for light vehicles contains a set of complementary sub-models. The base model calculates the hot emissions for each vehicle category according to the driving behaviour. It contains 5 alternative models: The main model considers traffic situations (discrete model), with emission factors for each of them; A simplified model, built on the same data, takes into account the driving behaviour through the average speed (continuous model); A continuous model, socalled kinematic, considers a limited number of aggregated kinematic parameters; 2 instantaneous models consider some instantaneous parameters as instantaneous speed. These models need input kinematic data of variable complexity and are therefore adapted to different usages, for assessing national emissions, as far as for calculating the impact of a local traffic control. They are associated to models taking into account the influence of several parameters, as cold start, using of auxiliaries like air conditioning, vehicle mileage, ambient air temperature and humidity, road slope and vehicle load, as far as evaporation. The building methods of all these models and the data or models they are based on are presented, as far as the models themselves

Emission factor modelling and database for light vehicles - Artemis deliverable 3

In the frame of the Artemis project, the emission models for atmospheric pollutants have been updated and strongly improved for the road light vehicles. This development is based on a wide and specific measurement campaign, with more than 150 vehicles and about 3500 tests for a large number of pollutants, regulated and non regulated ones. The results of these measurements carried out by several European laboratories are included in a database especially designed, the Artemis LVEM database, available and open to future European measurements data. The Artemis model for light vehicles contains a set of complementary sub-models. The base model calculates the hot emissions for each vehicle category according to the driving behaviour. It contains 5 alternative models: The main model considers traffic situations (discrete model), with emission factors for each of them; A simplified model, built on the same data, takes into account the driving behaviour through the average speed (continuous model); A continuous model, socalled kinematic, considers a limited number of aggregated kinematic parameters; 2 instantaneous models consider some instantaneous parameters as instantaneous speed. These models need input kinematic data of variable complexity and are therefore adapted to different usages, for assessing national emissions, as far as for calculating the impact of a local traffic control. They are associated to models taking into account the influence of several parameters, as cold start, using of auxiliaries like air conditioning, vehicle mileage, ambient air temperature and humidity, road slope and vehicle load, as far as evaporation. The building methods of all these models and the data or models they are based on are presented, as far as the models themselves

Emission factor modelling for light vehicles within the European Artemis model

International audienceThe emission models for atmospheric pollutants have been updated and strongly improved for the road light vehicles. This development is based on a wide and specific measurement campaign, with more than 150 vehicles and about 3500 tests for a large number of pollutants. The results of these measurements are included in a database especially designed, available and open to future European measurements data. The Artemis model for light vehicles contains a set of complementary sub-models. The base model calculates the hot emissions for each vehicle category according to the driving behaviour. It contains 5 alternative models: The main model considers traffic situations (discrete model), with emission factors for each of them; A simplified model, built on the same data, takes into account the driving behaviour through the average speed (continuous model); A continuous model, so-called kinematic, considers a limited number of aggregated kinematic parameters; 2 instantaneous models consider some instantaneous parameters as instantaneous speed. These models are associated to models taking into account the influence of several parameters, as cold start, using of auxiliaries like air conditioning, vehicle mileage, ambient air temperature and humidity, road slope and vehicle load

Emission factor modelling for light vehicles within the European Artemis model

International audienceThe emission models for atmospheric pollutants have been updated and strongly improved for the road light vehicles. This development is based on a wide and specific measurement campaign, with more than 150 vehicles and about 3500 tests for a large number of pollutants. The results of these measurements are included in a database especially designed, available and open to future European measurements data. The Artemis model for light vehicles contains a set of complementary sub-models. The base model calculates the hot emissions for each vehicle category according to the driving behaviour. It contains 5 alternative models: The main model considers traffic situations (discrete model), with emission factors for each of them; A simplified model, built on the same data, takes into account the driving behaviour through the average speed (continuous model); A continuous model, so-called kinematic, considers a limited number of aggregated kinematic parameters; 2 instantaneous models consider some instantaneous parameters as instantaneous speed. These models are associated to models taking into account the influence of several parameters, as cold start, using of auxiliaries like air conditioning, vehicle mileage, ambient air temperature and humidity, road slope and vehicle load

Interactions des résidus miniers et du lixiviat d'une couverture de sous-produits de desencrage dans le contexte du controle du drainage minier acide

Mine-wastes contain sulfide minerals, which are able to react with atmospheric water and oxygen to produce sulfuric acid. This production induces the decrease of pH and favors the solubilization of heavy metals. These reactions are called acid mine drainage and is one of the environmental priority of mine industry. To prevent the oxygen flow through the mine tailings, a cover of deinking by-products were set on two mine sites: Eustis and Albert (PQ, Canada). The production of an organic-rich leachate from the cellulose degradation was noticed. This leachate eventually flows through the mine tailings. This study aims at understanding the interactions between the organic leachate and mine tailings in the point of view of preventing acid mine drainage and of the biodegradation of the organic components from the leachate. In-situ observations, batch and column essays showed that the anaerobic environment induced by the cover of deinking by-products, the seepage and the organic- and carbonates-rich leachate cause an increase of the pH and improve the characteristics of the oxidized mine tailings. The initiation of acid mine drainage was not noticed in the unoxidized and mixed tailings. Moreover, sulfate-reduction and methanogenesis allowed the attenuation of the organic components from the deinking by-products leachate, producing alkalinity that improved the acid mine drainage characteristics

Interactions des résidus miniers et du lixiviat d'une couverture de sous-produits de desencrage dans le contexte du controle du drainage minier acide

Mine-wastes contain sulfide minerals, which are able to react with atmospheric water and oxygen to produce sulfuric acid. This production induces the decrease of pH and favors the solubilization of heavy metals. These reactions are called acid mine drainage and is one of the environmental priority of mine industry. To prevent the oxygen flow through the mine tailings, a cover of deinking by-products were set on two mine sites: Eustis and Albert (PQ, Canada). The production of an organic-rich leachate from the cellulose degradation was noticed. This leachate eventually flows through the mine tailings. This study aims at understanding the interactions between the organic leachate and mine tailings in the point of view of preventing acid mine drainage and of the biodegradation of the organic components from the leachate. In-situ observations, batch and column essays showed that the anaerobic environment induced by the cover of deinking by-products, the seepage and the organic- and carbonates-rich leachate cause an increase of the pH and improve the characteristics of the oxidized mine tailings. The initiation of acid mine drainage was not noticed in the unoxidized and mixed tailings. Moreover, sulfate-reduction and methanogenesis allowed the attenuation of the organic components from the deinking by-products leachate, producing alkalinity that improved the acid mine drainage characteristics