Base-Case Analysis Results, Various Alendronate Costs.

a<p>Incremental cost-effectiveness of osteoporosis screening followed by alendronate treatment, compared to no screening with treatment only if fracture occurs; in 2010 US dollars per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY).</p>b<p>Lifetime direct costs saved.</p

Model Schematic.

<p>A simplified and partial representation of the full model.</p

Probabilistic Sensitivity Analysis Cost-Effectiveness Acceptability Curves.

<p>Probabilistic Sensitivity Analysis Cost-Effectiveness Acceptability Curves.</p

The optimal CD4 count threshold for initiating therapy.

<p>The optimal CD4 count threshold for initiating therapy.</p

Sensitivity analysis of pipeline effect with varying different parameter assumptions.

<p>The numbers are the QALYs gain percentage due to pipeline drugs. Starting CD4 count for all categories is 500 cells/mL</p

Resistance distributions for existing drug classes.

<p>* p-value is for the for Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness of fit test.</p

Sensitivity analysis of effect percent change in LE and QALE from the presence of pipeline drugs by age, viral load, and toxicity.

<p>The graphs on the left depict the percent change in life expectancy assuming new drugs have a lower toxicity than existing drugs (top), identical toxicity to existing drugs (middle) or a higher toxicity that existing drugs (bottom). The graphs on the right depict the percent change in quality-adjusted life expectancy for the same toxicity levels.</p

Inter-arrival time distributions.

<p>A Poisson process produces exponential inter-arrival distribution.</p

Arrival process of pipeline drugs.

<p>The arrival process of HIV pipeline drugs follows a split Poisson process. See text for details.</p

Percent change in outcomes from the presence of pipeline drugs by age, viral load, and CD4 count at initiation of therapy.

<p>The graphs on the left depict the percent change in life expectancy from the presence of pipeline drugs, the graphs on the right the percent change in quality-adjusted life expectancy.</p