PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE MAKE A MATCH DENGAN MEDIA FLASH CARD UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR BAHASA INGGRIS PESERTA DIDIK KELAS V MI IRSYADUT THOLIBIN TUGU REJOTANGAN TULUNGAGUNG

ABSTRAK Skripsi dengan judul “Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Make A Match Dengan Media Flash Card Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Bahasa Inggris Peserta Didik Kelas V MI Irsyadut Tholibin Tugu Rejotangan Tulungagung”ini ditulis oleh Sufiya, Ulfa Ayu Ainin NIM. 2817133194, Jurusan Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Ilmu Keguruan, Institut Agama Islam Negeri Tulungagung, yang dibimbing oleh Bapak Dr. Susanto, M.Pd. Kata Kunci: Make A Match, Flash Card, Hasil Belajar, Bahasa Inggris. Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh permasalahan pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris di MI Irsyadut Tholibin, Rejotangan Tulungagung. Berdasarkan hasil observasi awal permasalahan tersebut disebabkan oleh penggunaan metode pembelajaran yang kurang bervariatif bagi peserta didik, sehingga peserta didik menjadi lebih cepat bosan dan kurang aktif selama proses pembelajaran. Tentu saja hal tersebut menyebabkan hasil belajar peserta didik yang rendah. Rumusan masalah dalam penulisan skripsi ini adalah: 1) Bagaimana penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Make A Match yang dikembangkan dengan media Flash Card pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggris pokok bahasan Shapes Kelas V MI Irsyadut Tholibin, Rejotangan Tulungagung? 2) Bagaimana peningkatan keaktifan pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggris materi Shapes melalui penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Make A Match yang dikembangkan dengan media Flash Card pada peserta didik Kelas V MI Irsyadut Tholibin, Rejotangan Tulungagung? 3) Bagaimana peningkatan hasil belajar pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggris materi Shapes melalui penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Make A Match yang dikembangkan dengan media Flash Card pada peserta didik Kelas V MI Irsyadut Tholibin, Rejotangan Tulungagung? Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) sebanyak dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahap, yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Adapun teknik pengumpulan datanya menggunakan tes, wawancara, observasi, catatan lapangan, dan dokumentasi. Tes digunakan untuk menggali data tentang hasil belajar peserta didik. Sedangkan observasi, wawancara, dan catatan lapangan digunakan untuk menggali data tentang proses pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris, respon peserta didik, keadaan peserta didik dan guru serta keaktifan peserta didik. Analisis data yang digunakan mencakup reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Akhirnya dalam refleksi I dan II data yang terkumpul dianalisis untuk mengetahui apakah indikator yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya sudah dipenuhi apa tidak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Make A Match yang dikembangkan dengan media Flash Card dengan langkah-langkahnya dapat meningkatkan keaktifan dan hasil belajar peserta didik. Keaktifan peserta didik dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris meningkat dari Siklus I ke Siklus II yaitu pada Siklus I keaktifan peserta didik mencapai taraf keberhasilan 80% dengan kriteria baik dan pada Siklus II keaktifan peserta didik mencapai taraf keberhasilan 95% dengan kriteria sangat baik. Sedangkan hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris peserta didik meningkatkan, yaitu pada Pre Test rata-rata peserta didik yaitu 44,37 dengan ketuntasan belajar 4,17%, meningkat pada Siklus I rata- rata peserta didik 74,37 dengan ketuntasan belajar pada Siklus I 70,83%. Hasil belajar peserta didik meningkat pada Siklus II yaitu dengan rata-rata 96 dengan ketuntasan belajar 100%. Dari data tersebut terlihat bahwa penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Make A Match dengan media Flash Card dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris peserta didik Kelas V MI Irsyadut Tholibin, Tugu Rejotangan Tulungagung

CD4⁺ T-cell counts over the time since HIV-1⁺ diagnosis of (A) 13 LTNP, one of whom fulfilled HIC status, with VLBLD, as detailed in the key and (B) 37 patients with long-term stable low CD4⁺ T-cell count, 3 of whom maintained HIV-1 RNA load to BLD.

<p>Dashed horizontal lines indicate the normal healthy range of CD4⁺ T-cell count (450–1650 cells/µl blood), and a solid vertical line shows the time point 7 years post HIV-1⁺ diagnosis. Repeated CD4 T-cell counts are plotted at the time points indicated, where different symbols represent different individual patients.</p

Synonyms used to describe HIV-1⁺ patients exhibiting atypical disease progression.

<p>No internationally recognised consensus for terminology currently exists, making comparison between studies difficult. ¹<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0029844#pone.0029844-Klein1" target="_blank">[21]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0029844#pone.0029844-Cao1" target="_blank">[22]</a>, ²<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0029844#pone.0029844-Westrop1" target="_blank">[5]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0029844#pone.0029844-Deeks1" target="_blank">[6]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0029844#pone.0029844-Grabar1" target="_blank">[19]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0029844#pone.0029844-Lambotte1" target="_blank">[23]</a>, ³<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0029844#pone.0029844-Walker1" target="_blank">[24]</a>, ⁴<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0029844#pone.0029844-Deeks1" target="_blank">[6]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0029844#pone.0029844-Migueles1" target="_blank">[18]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0029844#pone.0029844-Grabar1" target="_blank">[19]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0029844#pone.0029844-Walker1" target="_blank">[24]</a>, ⁵<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0029844#pone.0029844-Deeks1" target="_blank">[6]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0029844#pone.0029844-Han1" target="_blank">[25]</a>, ⁶<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0029844#pone.0029844-Grabar1" target="_blank">[19]</a>, ⁷<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0029844#pone.0029844-Westrop1" target="_blank">[5]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0029844#pone.0029844-Deeks1" target="_blank">[6]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0029844#pone.0029844-Lefrre1" target="_blank">[16]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0029844#pone.0029844-Migueles1" target="_blank">[18]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0029844#pone.0029844-Grabar1" target="_blank">[19]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0029844#pone.0029844-Lambotte1" target="_blank">[23]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0029844#pone.0029844-Aiuti1" target="_blank">[26]</a>–<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0029844#pone.0029844-Migueles3" target="_blank">[28]</a>, ⁸<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0029844#pone.0029844-Lefrre1" target="_blank">[16]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0029844#pone.0029844-Migueles2" target="_blank">[27]</a>.</p

Time since HIV-1⁺ diagnosis until disease progression in patients who have been infected with HIV-1 for more than 7 years and who remain symptomless in the absence of ART.

<p>Patients are stratified according to a history of at least one CD4⁺ T-cell count below the normal range (<450 cells/µl blood).</p>†, ‡<p>See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0029844#pone-0029844-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a> for definition of patient groups.</p>#<p>median (IQR) years.</p><p>p-values using the Logrank chi-squared test.</p

Flow chart detailing the identification of LTNP and patients with long-term stable low CD4⁺ T-cell counts from the Chelsea and Westminster HIV Cohort, during the study period 1988–2010.

<p>Flow chart detailing the identification of LTNP and patients with long-term stable low CD4⁺ T-cell counts from the Chelsea and Westminster HIV Cohort, during the study period 1988–2010.</p

Recent epidemic of acute hepatitis C Virus in HIV-positive men who have sex with men linked to high-risk sexual behaviours.

No description supplie

Use of next-generation sequencing in the CHAT study (acute HCV in HIV): effect of baseline resistance-associated NS3 variants on treatment failure

<p>The epidemic of acute HCV infection among HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) is ongoing. Transmission of drug-resistant variants (DRVs) after HCV treatment failure could pose a major threat to the effectiveness of future therapies. We determined the baseline prevalence of pre-existing DRVs in the HCV NS3 protease gene and their effects on the addition of telaprevir (TVR) to standard pegylated interferon and ribavirin (PEG-IFN/RBV) for acute HCV infection in individuals enrolled in a multicentre randomized controlled trial (2013 and 2014).</p> <p>The HCV NS3 viral protease was analyzed using Sanger and next-generation sequencing (NGS) for DRVs at baseline (<i>n</i> = 31), and at viral breakthrough following TVR-based treatment (<i>n</i> = 3) or PEG-IFN/RBV alone (<i>n</i> = 2).</p> <p>Sequence analysis indicated that all individuals were infected with HCV genotype 1a. Complete (100%) concordance was seen between Sanger and NGS for high levels of mutant viral populations. The simeprevir-associated Q80K variant was present at high frequency in the German samples (7/11–64%) and infrequently in the UK samples (1/20–5%). In the three TVR-based treatment failures, V36M/l and R155K/T emerged, but not R155G which was detectable at low levels in two individuals at baseline. Failure rate at week 24 was 26.7% (with baseline DRVs) vs. 6.3% (without baseline DRVs), <i>p</i> = 0.17). Comparison of sequences pre- and post-therapy in 5 who failed therapy revealed the emergence of not previously described variants V193G, E176K, P189S (on TVR), and V181S in one instance each.</p> <p>The presence of baseline DRVs for the NS3 protease gene of HCV genotype 1a did not appear to predict treatment failure in our patient cohort. Where detected, Q80K was present at high levels (>98%), but had no effect on outcomes and remained high after failure.</p

Additional file 5 of Development of an Australian cardiovascular disease mortality risk score using multiple imputation and recalibration from national statistics

Figure S4. Screen shot from working version of the CVD risk prediction tool. (TIF 392 kb

Hepmarc: a 96 week randomised controlled feasibility trial of add-on maraviroc in people with HIV and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Objectives Maraviroc may reduce hepatic inflammation in people with HIV and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (HIV-NAFLD) through CCR5-receptor antagonism, which warrants further exploration. Methods We performed an open-label 96-week randomised-controlled feasibility trial of maraviroc plus optimised background therapy (OBT) versus OBT alone, in a 1:1 ratio, for people with virologically-suppressed HIV-1 and NAFLD without cirrhosis. Dosing followed recommendations for HIV therapy in the Summary of Product Characteristics for maraviroc. The primary outcomes were safety, recruitment and retention rates, adherence and data completeness. Secondary outcomes included the change in Fibroscan-assessed liver stiffness measurements (LSM), controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) scores. Results Fifty-three participants (53/60, 88% of target) were recruited; 23 received maraviroc plus OBT; 89% were male; 19% had type 2 diabetes mellitus. The median baseline LSM, CAP & ELF scores were 6.2 (IQR 4.6–7.8) kPa, 325 (IQR 279–351) dB/m and 9.1 (IQR 8.6–9.6) respectively. Primary outcomes: all individuals eligible after screening were randomised; there was 92% (SD 6.6%) adherence to maraviroc [target >90%]; 83% (95%CI 70%-92%) participant retention [target >65%]; 5.5% of data were missing [target Conclusions This feasibility study provides preliminary evidence of maraviroc safety amongst people with HIV-NAFLD, and acceptable recruitment, retention, and adherence rates. These data support a definitive randomised-controlled trial assessing maraviroc impact on hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. Trial registration Clinical trial registry: ISCRTN, registration number 31461655.</p

Baseline characteristics of those with and without HBsAg test results.

<p>HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen. MSM: men who have sex with men. IDU: intravenous drug user. VL: HIV viral load. IQR: interquartile range.</p