Cooperative networks in team invasion games:A systematic mapping review

Team invasion games are sports in which individual team members interact and exchange information to coordinate their behaviours and actions in pursuit of the common goal of winning matches. Researchers have used social network analysis to quantify the cooperative behaviours of sports teams (cooperative network analysis), yet this research exists across an array of disciplines and uses various methods. Therefore, accessibility for practitioners and researchers interested in using it to quantify team cooperation in team invasion games may be limited. This systematic mapping review aimed to identify, report and discuss research in this emerging research area. Articles were systematically searched in electronic databases and reference list scans resulting in 112 papers included. Football was the most studied sport (n = 91), and passing was the most observed interaction between players within a sports team (n = 107). This review further revealed a lack of consistency in reporting between the included studies with respect to nomenclature and network measures. A comprehensive map of the current literature on the use of cooperative network analysis in team invasion games is provided which can be used by practitioners and researchers tasked with or interested in analysing team performance.</p

Cooperative networks in team invasion games:A systematic mapping review

Team invasion games are sports in which individual team members interact and exchange information to coordinate their behaviours and actions in pursuit of the common goal of winning matches. Researchers have used social network analysis to quantify the cooperative behaviours of sports teams (cooperative network analysis), yet this research exists across an array of disciplines and uses various methods. Therefore, accessibility for practitioners and researchers interested in using it to quantify team cooperation in team invasion games may be limited. This systematic mapping review aimed to identify, report and discuss research in this emerging research area. Articles were systematically searched in electronic databases and reference list scans resulting in 112 papers included. Football was the most studied sport (n = 91), and passing was the most observed interaction between players within a sports team (n = 107). This review further revealed a lack of consistency in reporting between the included studies with respect to nomenclature and network measures. A comprehensive map of the current literature on the use of cooperative network analysis in team invasion games is provided which can be used by practitioners and researchers tasked with or interested in analysing team performance.</p

Effects of whole body vibration on postural steadiness in an older population

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vibration exercise on postural steadiness performance in a healthy, older population. Forty-three healthy, older participants (23 men and 20 women, aged 73.5 ± 4.5 yr) were randomly assigned to either a vibration group (VIB), an exercise without vibration group (EX) or a control group (CONT). The VIB and EX groups undertook static and dynamic bodyweight exercises three times per week for eight weeks. Static balance was assessed using a one-legged postural steadiness (OLPS) test. This test was performed prior to and immediately after the training period. OLPS improved significantly for the VIB intervention after eight weeks training ('p

The Reliability and Validity of Subjective Notational Analysis in Comparison to Global Positioning System Tracking to Assess Athlete Movement Patterns

Subjective notational analysis can be used to track players and analyse movement patterns during match-play of team sports such as futsal. The purpose of this study was to establish the validity and reliability of the Event Recorder for subjective notational analysis. A course was designed, replicating ten minutes of futsal match-play movement patterns, where ten participants undertook the course. The course allowed a comparison of data derived from subjective notational analysis, to the known distances of the course, and to GPS data. The study analysed six locomotor activity categories, focusing on total distance covered, total duration of activities and total frequency of activities. The values between the known measurements and the Event Recorder were similar, whereas the majority of significant differences were found between the Event Recorder and GPS values. The reliability of subjective notational analysis was established with all ten participants being analysed on two occasions, as well as analysing five random futsal players twice during match-play. Subjective notational analysis is a valid and reliable method of tracking player movements, and may be a preferred and more effective method than GPS, particularly for indoor sports such as futsal, and field sports where short distances and changes in direction are observed

Time-Motion Analysis of International and National Level Futsal

Futsal is the Federation de Internationale Football Association's officially recognized five-a-side indoor soccer, which although increasing in popularity worldwide, lacks the Australian or other English language research necessary to enable the growth of the sport. The purpose of this study was to establish a comprehensive overview of the demands of futsal by a time-motion analysis on 8 Australian National Team players and 10 State League Team players over 4 futsal matches. The study analyzed 6 locomotor activity categories, focusing on total distance covered, total duration of activities, total frequency of activities, effort distance, and effort duration. The national team covered a 42% greater overall distance than the state league team. In terms of relative data normalized for match duration, only the standing duration value was significantly different between the teams. Furthermore, futsal players of elite and subelite level in Australia perform a change in activity every 8-9 seconds on the court, and the national team athletes attained a higher, yet non-significant, average match-play velocity. This may be because of the national futsal athletes participating in an extended game duration, potentially suggesting that higher levels of competition facilitate a higher intensity of match play and greater physiological demands on individual players. Apart from the differences in timing structure and overall metabolic work, there was no real difference between the levels of competition within the Australian futsal analysis, although at higher levels of competition, there may be a need for more recovery because of the elevated intensity of the match. When comparing the data with other countries, however, Australian futsal players produce less distance and duration than Spanish futsal players

Factors associated with the selection of the freely chosen cadence in non-cyclists

The purpose of this study was to examine both the freely chosen cadence (FCC) and the physical variables associated with cadence selection in non-cyclists. Eighteen participants pedalled at 40, 50, and 60% of their maximal power output (determined by a maximal oxygen uptake test, W sub(max)), whilst cadence (50, 65, 80, 95, 110rpm, and FCC) was manipulated. Gross efficiency, was used to analyse the most economical cadence whilst central and peripheral ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were used to measure the most comfortable cadence and the cadence whereby muscle strain was minimised. Peak (T sub(peak)), mean crank torque (T sub(mean)) and the crank torque profile were analysed at 150 and 200W at cadences of 50, 65, 80, 95, and 110rpm in order to determine the mechanical load. FCC was found to be approximately 80rpm at all workloads and was significantly higher than the most economical cadence (50rpm). At 60% W sub(max), RPE peripheral was minimised at 80rpm which coincided with the FCC. Both T sub(peak) and T sub(mean) decreased as cadence increased and, conversely, increased as power output increased. An analysis of the crank torque profile showed that the crank angle at both the top (DP sub(top)) and the bottom (DP sub(bot)) dead point of the crank cycle at 80rpm occurred later in the cycling revolution when compared to 50rpm. The findings suggested that the FCC in non-cyclists was more closely related to variables that minimise muscle strain and mechanical load than those associated with minimising metabolic economy

The effect of low vs high cadence interval training on the freely chosen cadence and performance in endurance trained cyclists.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of high and low cadence interval training on the freely chosen cadence (FCC), and performance in endurance trained cyclists. Sixteen male endurance-trained cyclists completed a series of submaximal rides at 60%Wmax at cadences of 50, 70, 90, 110 rpm and their FCC to determine their preferred cadence, GE, RPE and crank torque profile. Performance was measured via a 15-min time trial which was preloaded with a cycle at 60%Wmax. Following the testing, the participants were randomly assigned to a high (HC, 20% above FCC) or low cadence (LC, 20% below FCC) group for 18 interval-based training sessions over 6 weeks. The HC group increased (p=0.01) their FCC from 92 to 101 rpm after the intervention whereas the LC group remained unchanged (93 rpm). GE increased from 22.7 to 23.6% in the HC group at 90 (p=0.05), from 20.0 to 20.9% at 110 rpm (p=0.05) and from 22.8 to 23.2% at their FCC. Both groups significantly increased their total distance and average power output following training with the LC group recording a superior performance measure. There were minimal changes to the crank torque profile in both groups following training. This study demonstrated that the FCC can be altered with HC interval training and that the determinants of the optimal cycling cadence are multifactorial and not completely understood. Furthermore, LC interval training may significantly improve time trial results of short duration due to an increase in strength development or possible neuromuscular adaptations.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author