Restoring Balance to the Debate over Executive Privilege: A Response to Berger

In this Essay, Professor Rozell responds to Raoul Berger \u27s Executive Privilege: A Constitutional Myth. Berger\u27s work claims that executive privilege does not have a constitutional basis. Addressing Berger\u27s textual, historical, and structural arguments, Professor Rozell argues contrarily that executive privilege is a legitimate power when exercised properly and that to view executive privilege as a constitutional absolute is improper. As such, Professor Rozell recognizes the limits of executive privilege and suggests that it may be subject to a balancing test when weighed against demands for information. He argues that presidents should not use this power to protect information that is merely embarrassing or politically damaging but rather should reserve this power for the most compelling reasons-such as protecting certain national security needs or preserving White House confidentiality when it is in the public interest to do so. Professor Rozell argues that the separation of powers doctrine can resolve executive privilege dilemmas, as the political branches settle informational disputes between themselves, with limited judicial intervention. Finally, he proposes that each administration should adopt guidelines that provide members of the executive branch with formal procedures for handling and resolving executive privilege issues

The Law : Prerogative Power and Executive Branch Czars: President Obama's Signing Statement

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/87089/1/j.1741-5705.2011.03920.x.pd

The Law : President Obama's Signing Statements and the Expansion of Executive Power

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/100285/1/psq12071.pd

What Governs Attitudes Toward Artifcial Intelligence Adoption and Governance?

Designing effective and inclusive governance and public communication strategies for artificial intelligence (AI) requires understanding how stakeholders reason about its use and governance. We examine underlying factors and mechanisms that drive attitudes toward the use and governance of AI across six policy-relevant applications using structural equation modeling and surveys of both US adults (N = 3,524) and tech- nology workers enrolled in an online computer science master’s degree program (N = 425). We find that the cultural values of individualism, egalitarianism, general risk aversion, and techno-skepticism are important drivers of AI attitudes. Perceived benefit drives attitudes toward AI use but not its governance. Experts hold more nuanced views than the public and are more supportive of AI use but not its regulation. Drawing on these findings, we discuss challenges and opportunities for participatory AI governance, and we recommend that trustworthy AI governance be emphasized as strongly as trustworthy AI

The cellular and synaptic architecture of the mechanosensory dorsal horn

The deep dorsal horn is a poorly characterized spinal cord region implicated in processing low-threshold mechanoreceptor (LTMR) information. We report an array of mouse genetic tools for defining neuronal components and functions of the dorsal horn LTMR-recipient zone (LTMR-RZ), a role for LTMR-RZ processing in tactile perception, and the basic logic of LTMR-RZ organization. We found an unexpectedly high degree of neuronal diversity in the LTMR-RZ: seven excitatory and four inhibitory subtypes of interneurons exhibiting unique morphological, physiological, and synaptic properties. Remarkably, LTMRs form synapses on between four and 11 LTMR-RZ interneuron subtypes, while each LTMR-RZ interneuron subtype samples inputs from at least one to three LTMR classes, as well as spinal cord interneurons and corticospinal neurons. Thus, the LTMR-RZ is a somatosensory processing region endowed with a neuronal complexity that rivals the retina and functions to pattern the activity of ascending touch pathways that underlie tactile perception