Herbert Hoover as an Enduring Model for American Leaders

Senator Mark O. Hatfield writes a personal reflection on Herbert Hoover\u27s influence

Sunrise Out of Me : a multimedia work for CD-ROM

Sunrise Out of Me is a multimedia work for CD-Rom. It is in three movements lasting fourteen and a half minutes and incorporates electronic music and computer graphics. The music was composed using a Korg Wavestation EX synthesizer and Mark of the Unicorn\u27s Digital Performer™. The images were created in Adobe Photoshop™ and then manipulated in Adobe After Effects™ to render a movie file. The music was completed in January 2001, while the visual material was completed in July 2001. The title was inspired by the poetry of Walt Whitman. This document examines the nature of musical multimedia art through history, theory, and examples of multimedia works. Five multimedia works will be discussed: Wavelines II (1979) by Reynold Weidenaar, Passage to Honor House (1986) by Kenneth Jacobs, The Wake of Boreas (1980) by Thomas B. Norris, All My Hummingbirds Have Alibis (1992) by Morton Subotnick, and Crystal (1982) by Maggie Payne

The Impact of Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE) on Medication Order Processing and Workflow Efficiency by Pharmacists: A Time and Motion Study

Introduction: Recently, there has been a tremendous increase in the preparation on the part of US hospitals to implement CPOE. Employer groups, the federal government, and others have been advocating its implementation since the early 2000s, yet the number of hospitals which have met meaningful use criteria for CPOE is still less than 15%. This number is projected to increase exponentially in a very short time, spurred by incentives from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS). With such a large amount of hospitals preparing for CPOE implementation, there is still much to learn about the impact of these systems. The objective of this study is to quantify the change in pharmacist workflow after CPOE is implemented. Methods: An experimental, enhanced pretest-posttest, prospective, time and motion study was conducted in four inpatient pharmacies within the same hospital system. Order entry pharmacists were observed for two separate time periods. The intervention pharmacy was observed first as a non-CPOE pharmacy and then later, after CPOE had been implemented. There was a control pharmacy which was non-CPOE for both time periods. There were two treatment control pharmacies, both of which had CPOE for both time periods. A database instrument recorded 37 different pharmacist tasks, which were grouped into four activities: clinical, distributive, administrative, and miscellaneous. Comparisons of the amount of time spent by the order entry pharmacist in each of the four different activities were conducted. SAS® version 9.3 was used to analyze the data, with statistical significance set at 0.05. Results: A total of 114 hours at the non-CPOE site and 197 hours at the CPOE site met the inclusion criteria. Non-parametric linear regressions were modeled and the predicted values were analyzed. The predicted mean number of minutes for each recorded hour were, by activity (predicted mean ± SD for non-CPOE versus CPOE, p-value): clinical (5.10 ± 2.24 versus 3.83 ± 1.34, p<0.05); distributive (44.55 ± 1.07 versus 47.61 ± 1.43, p<0.05); administrative (7.25 ± 2.34 versus 6.67 ± 1.28, p<0.05); and miscellaneous (3.11 ± 0.77 versus 1.89 ± 0.68, p<0.05). Conclusions: Less time was spent in the clinical, administrative, and miscellaneous activities, while more time was spent in the distributive activity after CPOE implementation. These findings were statistically significant.Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department o

Forage Intake and Wastage by Ewes in Pea/Hay Barley Swath Grazing and Bale Feeding Systems

Harvested feed costs, particularly during the winter, are traditionally the highest input associated with a ruminant livestock operation. Although swath grazing has been practiced for over 100 years and literature exists for cattle use of swath grazing, no published results are available on use of swath grazing by sheep. Sixty mature, white-faced ewes were used in a completely randomized design repeated 2 years to evaluate whether feeding method (swath grazed or fed as baled hay in confinement) of intercropped field pea (Pisum sativum L.) and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) forage affected ewe ADG (average daily gain), forage DMI (dry matter intake), and wastage. The study was conducted at Ft. Ellis Research Station in Bozeman, MT during the summers of 2010 and 2011. Each year, 30 ewes were allocated to 3 confinement pens (10 ewes/pen) and 30 ewes were allocated to 3 grazing plots (10 ewes/plot). Ewes had ad libitum access to forage and water. Individual ewe forage DMI was estimated using chromic oxide (Cr2O3) as a marker for estimating fecal output. Measures of fecal output were combined with measures of forage indigestibility to determine DMI for each ewe. Forage wastage was calculated by sampling and weighing initial available forage, and subtracting final available forage and DMI. Forage DMI (P ≥ 0.13), ewe ADG (P≥ 0.40), and forage percent wastage (P \u3e 0.28) did not differ for swathed versus baled pea/hay barley forage during either year. These results suggest that a swathed feeding system can function as a viable alternative to a traditional baled feeding system for pea/hay barley forage in commercial sheep operations