163 research outputs found
Exchange as a determinant in corporate citizenship : exploratory action research into the social construction of corporate citizenship
This study attempts to achieve two things. Firstly it contextualizes corporate citizenship drawing on scholarly, government, media, legal and business discourses which when viewed as a whole, reveals the importance of exchange as a central determinant in how all the major themes or subfields of corporate citizenship function and subsequently become valued within public discourse. Secondly, it reports on exploratory action research where I as a researcher occupied a central role in understanding and contributing towards how organizational settings socially construct and evolve corporate citizenship in real time through various exchange behaviour, drawing from four years field research within BP and its interactions with the external world. This research contributes to new knowledge by building a rare contextual understanding into how cultural change evolves over time within an organization, from its public face, through policy, down into employee and stakeholder reactions, including identifying the crucial role played by Cultural bridges’ in shifting entrenched organizational culture towards embracing new, more sustainable ways of doing business, and additionally how practitioners can legitimately act as a researcher in facilitating this process by assisting an organization to move from simple, transactional relationships to more sustainable integrated social, financial and environmental exchange between business and its broader context. Importantly, this research develops entirely new theoretical models for understanding the social application and commercial value of corporate citizenship to both business and society
The Near-Infrared Number Counts and Luminosity Functions of Local Galaxies
This study presents a wide-field near-infrared (K-band) survey in two fields;
SA 68 and Lynx 2. The survey covers an area of 0.6 deg., complete to
K=16.5. A total of 867 galaxies are detected in this survey of which 175 have
available redshifts. The near-infrared number counts to K=16.5 mag. are
estimated from the complete photometric survey and are found to be in close
agreement with other available studies. The sample is corrected for
incompleteness in redshift space, using selection function in the form of a
Fermi-Dirac distribution. This is then used to estimate the local near-infrared
luminosity function of galaxies. A Schechter fit to the infrared data gives:
M, and Mpc (for H Km/sec/Mpc and q). When
reduced to , this agrees with other available estimates of the local
IRLF. We find a steeper slope for the faint-end of the infrared luminosity
function when compared to previous studies. This is interpreted as due to the
presence of a population of faint but evolved (metal rich) galaxies in the
local Universe. However, it is not from the same population as the faint blue
galaxies found in the optical surveys. The characteristic magnitude
() of the local IRLF indicates that the bright red galaxies ( mag.) have a space density of Mpc and hence,
are not likely to be local objects.Comment: 24 pages, 8 figures, AASTEX 4.0, published in ApJ 492, 45
The stellar mass - size relation for cluster galaxies at z=1 with high angular resolution from the Gemini/GeMS multi-conjugate adaptive optics system
We present the stellar mass - size relation for 49 galaxies within the =
1.067 cluster SPT-CL J05465345, with FWHM 80-120 mas -band data from the Gemini multi-conjugate adaptive optics system
(GeMS/GSAOI). This is the first such measurement in a cluster environment,
performed at sub-kpc resolution at rest-frame wavelengths dominated by the
light of the underlying old stellar populations. The observed stellar mass -
size relation is offset from the local relation by 0.21 dex, corresponding to a
size evolution proportional to , consistent with the literature.
The slope of the stellar mass - size relation = 0.74 0.06,
consistent with the local relation. The absence of slope evolution indicates
that the amount of size growth is constant with stellar mass. This suggests
that galaxies in massive clusters such as SPT-CL J05465345 grow via
processes that increase the size without significant morphological
interference, such as minor mergers and/or adiabatic expansion. The slope of
the cluster stellar mass - size relation is significantly shallower if measured
in /ACS imaging at wavelengths blueward of the Balmer break, similar to
rest-frame UV relations at = 1 in the literature. The stellar mass - size
relation must be measured at redder wavelengths, which are more sensitive to
the old stellar population that dominates the stellar mass of the galaxies. The
slope is unchanged when GeMS -band imaging is degraded to the resolution
of -band HST/NICMOS resolution but dramatically affected when degraded to
-band Magellan/FourStar resolution. Such measurements must be made with AO
in order to accurately characterise the sizes of compact, = 1 galaxies.Comment: 24 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS.
Typos corrected, DOI adde
Rising within the leadership of an orthopaedic society: learning from the presidents.
Orthopaedic societies, with their diverse membership from across the world, serve a mission to endorse the progress and innovation in the field of orthopaedics and traumatology with a focus on improving patient care, as well as to encourage and develop education, teaching and research. Such organizations, whether small or large, have been successful in meeting the professional, educational and training needs of its members. The past and future presidents of these societies share insights addressing their professional experiences, lessons learnt and their vision for future leaders of the field. The objective of this article is to summarize the thoughts of presidents of orthopaedic societies from around the globe and to inspire younger and aspiring members of the global orthopaedic fraternity
The Evolution of Early-Type Galaxies in Distant Clusters
We present results from an optical-IR photometric study of early-type
galaxies in 19 galaxy clusters out to z=0.9. The galaxy sample is selected on
the basis of morphologies determined from HST WFPC2 images, and is
photometrically defined in the K-band to minimize redshift-dependent selection
biases. The optical-IR colors of the early-type cluster galaxies become bluer
with increasing redshift in a manner consistent with the passive evolution of
an old stellar population formed at an early cosmic epoch. The degree of color
evolution is similar for clusters at similar redshift, and does not depend
strongly on the optical richness or X-ray luminosity of the cluster, suggesting
that the history of early-type galaxies is relatively insensitive to
environment. The slope of the color-magnitude relationship shows no significant
change out to z=0.9, providing evidence that it arises from a correlation
between galaxy mass and metallicity, not age. Finally, the intrinsic scatter in
the optical-IR colors is small and nearly constant with redshift, indicating
that the majority of giant, early-type galaxies in clusters share a common star
formation history, with little perturbation due to uncorrelated episodes of
later star formation. Taken together, our results are consistent with models in
which most early-type galaxies in rich clusters are old, formed the majority of
their stars at high redshift in a well-synchronized fashion, and evolved
quiescently thereafter.Comment: 55 pages, 24 figures, uses AASTeX. Accepted for publication in The
Astrophysical Journa
QSO Absorbing Galaxies at z<~1: Deep Imaging and Spectroscopy in the Field of 3C 336
We present very deep WFPC2 images and FOS spectroscopy from the Hubble Space
Telescope (HST) together with numerous supporting ground-based observations of
the field of the quasar 3C 336 (). The observations are designed
to investigate the nature of galaxies producing metal line absorption systems
in the spectrum of the QSO. Along a single line of sight, we find at least 6
metal line absorption systems (of which 3 are newly discovered) ranging in
redshift from 0.317 to 0.892. Through an extensive program of optical and IR
imaging, QSO spectroscopy, and faint galaxy spectroscopy, we have identified 5
of the 6 metal line absorption systems with luminous (L_K > 0.1 L*_K) galaxies.
These have morphologies ranging from very late-type spiral to S0, and exhibit a
wide range of inclination and position angles with respect to the QSO
sightline. The only unidentified absorber, despite our intensive search, is a
damped Lyman system at . Analysis of the absorption
spectrum suggests that the metal abundances ([Fe/H]) in this system are
similar to those in damped systems at , and to the two other damped
systems for which abundances have been determined at . We have found no
examples of intrinsically faint galaxies () at small impact
parameters that might have been missed as absorber candidates in our previous
ground-based imaging and spectroscopic programs on MgII absorbing galaxies.
There are no bright galaxies (L > 0.1 L_K) within 50h^{-1} kpc which do not
produce detectable metal lines (of Mg II 2796, 2803 and/or C IV 1548, 1550) in
the QSO spectrum. All of these results generally support the inferences which
we have previously reached from a larger survey for absorption-selected
galaxies at z\simlt 1.Comment: 32 pages latex (AAS v4.0 style). 8 Postscript figures (including HST
plate) available at ftp://astro.caltech.edu/users/ccs/3c336_figs.ps.gz .
Submitted to Ap
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey: The Cosmic Spectrum and Star-Formation History
We present a determination of the `Cosmic Optical Spectrum' of the Universe,
i.e. the ensemble emission from galaxies, as determined from the red-selected
Sloan Digital Sky Survey main galaxy sample and compare with previous results
of the blue-selected 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey. Broadly we find good agreement
in both the spectrum and the derived star-formation histories. If we use a
power-law star-formation history model where star-formation rate out to z=1, then we find that of 2 to 3 is still the most
likely model and there is no evidence for current surveys missing large amounts
of star formation at high redshift. In particular `Fossil Cosmology' of the
local universe gives measures of star-formation history which are consistent
with direct observations at high redshift. Using the photometry of SDSS we are
able to derive the cosmic spectrum in absolute units (i.e.^{-1}^{-3}\Msun/\Lsun\omstars h = 0.0025\alpha\Msun^{-1}^{-3}$ today.Comment: 17 pages, 11 figures, ApJ in press (April 10th 2003
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