Rank order of boldness and height across situations.

<p>A) Ranking of boldness and B) ranking of height across small tanks, large tanks and field site). Each line and unique symbol represents individual fish (N = 33). Individuals were ranked sequentially according to the individual’s observed behavioral trait (1 = highest recorded value). Average ranking scores were assigned when multiple fish had a tie in values.</p

Principal component analysis of 7 behavioral traits for individual fish.

<p>A) PCA traits include: bite rate, distance moved, distance ventured, height, boldness, latency and aggression for individual fish (N = 33) across small tanks, large tanks, and field site (Total N = 99). Factor loadings of these traits represented by arrows in lower left corner. Ovals represent groupings created by clustering analysis. 67% of replicates in group 1 (square symbol) were from observations made in large tanks. 56% of replicates in group 2 (triangle symbol) were from small tanks. Group 3 (diamond symbol) is comprised of 76% of large tank observations. Group 4 (circle symbol) is composed of 42% large tank observations. Group 4 and the combination of groups 1, 2, and 3 represent the first split in the hierarchy. B) Identical principal components analysis with fish plots removed. Arrows represent factor loading patterns for seven randomly chosen fish from small tanks, large tanks, and field site.</p

Principal component analysis of relationships between 7 behavioral traits.

<p>Traits include: bite rate, distance moved, distance ventured, height, boldness, latency and aggression in <i>P. amboinensis</i> in A) small tanks, B) large tanks and C) field situations.</p

Average temperature ranges during behavioral assessments within each situation (small tank, large tank, field situation).

<p>Values of P do not control for multiple testing of the same data (*P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001). Only values printed in bold are significant after Holm’s sequential Bonferonni adjustment of experimental error rates (Quinn and Keough 2002).</p

Regressions of Log length (Log L) on Log weight (Log W), Length (L) on height (H) and Length (L) on width (Wi) for <i>L</i>. <i>gibbus</i>, <i>L</i>. <i>decussatus</i>, <i>L</i>. <i>kasmira</i>, <i>M</i>. <i>grandoculis</i> and <i>L</i>. <i>bohar</i> at the Scott Reefs (grey) and the Rowley Shoals (black).

<p>Differences in the regression lines between species might be obscured due to variation in the range of the axes. See <b>Table C in</b> <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0165113#pone.0165113.s001" target="_blank">S1 File</a> for statistics.</p

Sample size (n) with % females in parentheses.

<p>Also shown are mean (range) values for length of five mesopredatory fishes at the Scott Reefs and the Rowley Shoals. The p-values for results of a 2 x 2 contingency table with no fixed margins (% females) and a two-sample t-test assuming unequal (<i>L</i>. <i>decussatus</i>, <i>L</i>. <i>kasmira</i> and <i>L</i>. <i>bohar</i>) and equal (<i>L</i>. <i>gibbus</i>, <i>M</i>. <i>grandoculis</i>) variances (total length) are shown.</p

Number of prey items and their percentage contribution (in parentheses) in the guts of <i>L</i>. <i>gibbus</i>, <i>L</i>. <i>decussatus</i> and <i>L</i>. <i>bohar</i> at the Scott Reefs and the Rowley Shoals.

<p>Sample sizes for each species and reef system are shown in square brackets.</p

Plot of regression of mean number (n) of fish per site-location (abundance, A) at the Rowley Shoals (R) against the Scott Reefs (S) for 16 species of mesopredatory teleost where A_S = 1.79×A_R+0.38 (n = 16, <i>p</i> = 1.7×10–8, R² = 0.90, α = 0.05).

<p>Abundance data were sourced from the Australian Institute of Marine Science Long-Term Monitoring Program. The plot includes the five study species (black) and eleven non-focal species (white). The dashed line shows a 1:1 relationship between abundances at each location. Abundance was averaged across 3 sites at each location (Clerke, Imperieuse and Mermaid at the Rowley Shoals and North Scott, South Scott and Seringapatam at the Scott Reefs). The inset figure shows logged values for mean fish abundance per site-location. See <b>Table A in</b> <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0165113#pone.0165113.s001" target="_blank">S1 File</a> and the AIMS website for details:<a href="http://www.aims.gov.au/docs/research/monitoring/monitoring.htm" target="_blank">http://www.aims.gov.au/docs/research/monitoring/monitoring.htm</a>.</p

Map of study sites in northwestern Australia.

<p>The map depicts the Scott Reefs, where sharks are targeted by Indonesian fishermen, and the Rowley Shoals, where sharks are protected.</p

Prey items in guts of three mesopredatory teleost species by origin.

<p>Plot of the mean percentage of prey items from the water column (±SE) in the guts at the Scott Reefs (pale grey) and the Rowley Shoals (dark grey) for three species of mesopredator (2x2 Chi-Square contingency table with no fixed margin: <i>L</i>. <i>bohar</i>, χ² = 30.9, <i>p</i><0.001, <i>L</i>. <i>decussatus</i>, χ² = 11.9, <i>p</i><0.001 and <i>L</i>. <i>gibbus</i>, χ² = 10.7, 0.001<<i>p</i><0.005).</p