Additional file 1: of Guillain–Barré syndrome risk among individuals infected with Zika virus: a multi-country assessment

Reported suspect Zika and Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) case data. Bayesian inference model of clinical GBS cases arising from Zika infections. Description of data: Additional file gives technical details of our Bayesian inference framework for the estimation of GBS risk following a ZIKV infection. (PDF 2723 kb

Comparison of Vector Competence of <i>Aedes mediovittatus</i> and <i>Aedes aegypti</i> for Dengue Virus: Implications for Dengue Control in the Caribbean

<div><p>Background</p><p><i>Aedes mediovittatus</i> mosquitoes are found throughout the Greater Antilles in the Caribbean and often share the same larval habitats with <i>Ae. Aegypti</i>, the primary vector for dengue virus (DENV). Implementation of vector control measures to control dengue that specifically target <i>Ae. Aegypti</i> may not control DENV transmission in Puerto Rico (PR). Even if <i>Ae. Aegypti</i> is eliminated or DENV refractory mosquitoes are released, DENV transmission may not cease when other competent mosquito species like <i>Ae. Mediovittatus</i> are present. To compare vector competence of <i>Ae. Mediovittatus</i> and <i>Ae. Aegypti</i> mosquitoes, we studied relative infection and transmission rates for all four DENV serotypes.</p><p>Methods</p><p>To compare the vector competence of <i>Ae. Mediovittatus</i> and <i>Ae. Aegypti</i>, mosquitoes were exposed to DENV 1–4 <i>per os</i> at viral titers of 5–6 logs plaque-forming unit (pfu) equivalents. At 14 days post infectious bloodmeal, viral RNA was extracted and tested by qRT-PCR to determine infection and transmission rates. Infection and transmission rates were analyzed with a generalized linear model assuming a binomial distribution.</p><p>Results</p><p><i>Ae. Aegypti</i> had significantly higher DENV-4 infection and transmission rates than <i>Ae. mediovittatus</i>.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>This study determined that <i>Ae. Mediovittatus</i> is a competent DENV vector. Therefore dengue prevention programs in PR and the Caribbean should consider both <i>Ae. Mediovittatus</i> and <i>Ae. Aegypti</i> mosquitoes in their vector control programs.</p></div

Transmission efficiency of dengue virus infected <i>Aedes mediovittatus</i> and <i>Aedes aegypti</i> mosquitoes at 14 days.

<p>DENV artificial transmission for mosquitoes infected with dengue-1 (DENV-1) (HAW), DENV-2 (New Guinea C), DENV-3 (H87), DENV-4 (H241) <i>per os</i>.</p><p>* Statistically significant differences for comparisons between serotypes DENV-1 >DENV-3 using Sidak’s method for multiple comparisons with simultaneous 95% confidence intervals.</p><p>^# Statistically significant differences for comparisons between serotypes DENV-4 > DENV-2 andDENV-3 using Sidak’s method for multiple comparisons with simultaneous 95% confidence intervals.</p><p>Transmission efficiency of dengue virus infected <i>Aedes mediovittatus</i> and <i>Aedes aegypti</i> mosquitoes at 14 days.</p

Infection rates and body titers of <i>Aedes mediovittatus</i> and <i>Aedes aegypti</i> mosquitoes 14 days post bloodmeal.

<p>Mosquitoes were exposed to dengue-1 (DENV-1) (HAW), DENV-2 (New Guinea C), DENV-3 (H87), DENV-4 (H241) <i>per os</i>.</p><p>Infection rates and body titers of <i>Aedes mediovittatus</i> and <i>Aedes aegypti</i> mosquitoes 14 days post bloodmeal.</p

Body (infection) and saliva (transmission) titers of dengue virus-infected <i>Aedes mediovittatus</i> and <i>Aedes aegypti</i> mosquitoes 14 days after oral challenge with dengue-1 (DENV-1) (HAW), DENV-2 (New Guinea C), DENV-3 (H87), DENV-4 (H241).

<p>Non-zero mean titer, 25 percentile titer, and 75 percentile titers are indicated on the graphs.</p

Demographic characteristics, symptoms and medical outcomes reported by 1,500 residents of Tudor, Mombasa, participating in serologic survey for dengue virus infection (DENV), April through May 2013.

<p>* Bleeding manifestations included nose bleeding, bleeding from gums, blood in vomitus, blood in urine, blood in stool, or heavy vaginal bleeding.</p><p>Demographic characteristics, symptoms and medical outcomes reported by 1,500 residents of Tudor, Mombasa, participating in serologic survey for dengue virus infection (DENV), April through May 2013.</p

Map of 210 dengue virus (DENV) infected participants in Tudor, Mombasa, Kenya.

<p>Participants with evidence of current or recent DENV infection were distributed throughout the Tudor district, and there was no statistically significant clustering by area. Solid black circles represent IgM anti-DENV positive participants, white circles represent RT-PCR positive participants.</p

Risk factors associated with dengue virus infections (DENV) among residents of Tudor, Mombasa, Kenya, May 2013.

<p>* Weighted percentages are reported, reflecting the stratified sampling design. Responses were weighted to account for the different probabilities of household inclusion across strata, within-household participation rates, and inter-household clustering of infections.</p><p>** Significance level, p = 0.05. Weighted logistic regression models were used to assess risk factors for recent or current infections, and CIs were based on the modeling accounted for the sampling design. Breeding containers queried included potted plants, vegetation, wells, septic tanks, trash, buckets, water cisterns, fountains, old tires, water storage tank without lids.</p><p>Risk factors associated with dengue virus infections (DENV) among residents of Tudor, Mombasa, Kenya, May 2013.</p

Epidemiological curve of 267 suspected dengue cases detected at hospitals from January–May, 2013, of which 155 (58%) were confirmed to have a current DENV infection and included a single fatal case.

<p>Epidemiological curve of 267 suspected dengue cases detected at hospitals from January–May, 2013, of which 155 (58%) were confirmed to have a current DENV infection and included a single fatal case.</p