Supplemental Material, Appendix_Tables - The Minne-Loppet Motivation Study: An Intervention to Increase Motivation for Outdoor Winter Physical Activity in Ethnically and Racially Diverse Elementary Schools

<p>Supplemental Material, Appendix_Tables for The Minne-Loppet Motivation Study: An Intervention to Increase Motivation for Outdoor Winter Physical Activity in Ethnically and Racially Diverse Elementary Schools by Jonathan M. Miller, Julian Wolfson, Melissa N. Laska, Toben F. Nelson, and Mark A. Pereira in American Journal of Health Promotion</p

Cubic spline of the association between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c %) and self-reported incident diabetes, adjusted for age, gender, and dialect, The Singapore Chinese Health Study.

<p>The hazard ratio (HR) is per each absolute increase of 1 percentage point in the glycated hemoglobin value at baseline. The shaded area is the 95% confidence interval from the restricted-cubic-spline model. The HR scale is logarithmic, the model is centered at the mean/median (5.7%), and the plot was truncated at the 5th and 95th percentiles of glycated hemoglobin (4.9% and 6.5%, respectively). The hazard ratio was adjusted for age, gender, and dialect.</p

Timeline and assembly of sub-sample, The Singapore Chinese Health Study.

<p>Timeline and assembly of sub-sample, The Singapore Chinese Health Study.</p

Incidence rates and hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals for incident type 2 diabetes according to category of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c%), The Singapore Chinese Health Study.

<p>Crude incidence rate: per 100,000 person years</p><p>Standardized incidence rate: per 100,000 person years according to the gender, age and follow-up time distribution of the SCHS</p><p>Final adjusted model: Adjusted for age, gender, dialect, interview year, educational status, smoking status, average weekly alcohol intake BMI, and hypertensive status</p><p>Followed ≥ 3 years: analysis when excluding the first three years post blood-draw</p><p>Incidence rates and hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals for incident type 2 diabetes according to category of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c%), The Singapore Chinese Health Study.</p

Participant characteristics diabetes according to category of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c%), The Singapore Chinese Health Study.

<p>¹Physical activity is the average min/week of combined moderate and strenuous activity</p><p>²Body mass index</p><p>NA: Not applicable to estimate due to missing data</p><p>Continuous variables are means (SD)</p><p>Categorical variables are % within column</p><p>P for trend is testing for a linear trend across HbA1c category</p><p>Participant characteristics diabetes according to category of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c%), The Singapore Chinese Health Study.</p

QQ-plot of 55 T2D SNPs reported by GWAS-catalog.

<p>Observed distribution of −log <i>P</i>-values were compared to the expected (null) distribution.</p

−log <i>P</i> -plots of the improved and novel T2D signals around index SNPs: rs10923931, rs10965250 and rs1111875 found by fine-mapping analysis.

<p>−Log <i>P</i>-value for risk-associated allele from the logistic regression model adjusted for age, sex, dialect and global ancestry (the first 10 principal components). Pairwise correlations (r²) in the 1000 Genomes Asian population are shown in relation to markers identified through fine-mapping in our sample. Squares denote genotyped SNPs; circles, imputed SNPs. Gray squares and circles denote that r² cannot be estimated (not in 1000 Genomes). Red arrows and diamond denote the index SNP. Blue arrows denote the novel signal. The plots were generated using LocusZoom <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0087762#pone.0087762-Pruim1" target="_blank">[86]</a>.</p

Characteristics of subjects comparing T2D cases and controls.

*<p>Variables are presented as mean (standard deviation). Two-sample independent t-test is used to test the mean differences between cases and controls.</p>†<p>Variables are not normally distributed and are presented as median (25^th, 75^th percentiles). Wilcoxon rank-sum test is used to compare the median differences between cases and controls.</p>‡<p>Categorical variables are presented as frequencies (%).χ² test is used to test whether the distribution between cases and controls is different.</p>§<p>Variables have 59 cases and 55 controls missing.</p

T2D prediction, glycemic genetic score.

<p>Forest plot of association between glycemic genetic score with incident T2D over a decade-long follow-up period, by ancestry. MESA (European and Asian ancestry) and the <i>G6PD</i> variant (rs1050828) in ARIC (European and African American) were not included in the discovery GWAS analysis. Effect estimates were combined in a fixed effects meta-analysis. Overall effect estimate: 1.05, 95% CI 1.04–1.06, <i>p</i> = 2.5 × 10⁻²⁹. ARIC, Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study; ES, Effect Size; FHS, Framingham Heart Study; GWAS, genome-wide association study; G6PD, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; I-Squared, Higgin's I-squared statistic, a measure of heterogeneity; MESA, Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis; SCHS, Singapore Chinese Health Study; T2D, type 2 diabetes.</p

Manhattan plot of HbA1c associated variants.

<p>Manhattan plot of the transethnic meta-analysis results in MANTRA. The dashed grey line indicates log₁₀BF = 6. Grey and green points denote known/novel loci, respectively. The lead HbA1c-associated variants identified through the ancestry-specific/transethnic analyses are circled in purple (the <i>G6PD</i> variant was not included in the MANTRA analysis, but the locus on the X-chromosome is indicated in the figure). Lines joining the plot & SNP number denote known loci (black), novel loci (green), and loci with a secondary distinct signal (red). MANTRA, Meta-Analysis of Transethnic Association.</p