The sources and interpretation of Olympic Law

In this article, Mark James and Guy Osborn discuss how the relationships between the various members of the Olympic Movement are governed by the Olympic Charter and the legal framework within which an edition of the Olympic Games is organised. The legal status of the Charter and its interpretation by the Court of Arbitration for Sport are examined to identify who is subject to its terms and how challenges to its requirements can be made. Finally, by using the UK legislation that has been enacted to regulate advertising and trading at London 2012, the far-reaching and sometimes unexpected reach of Olympic Law is explored

HST imaging of redshift z>0.5 7C and 3C Quasars

We present preliminary results from HST imaging of radio-loud quasar hosts, covering a ~x100 range in radio luminosity but in a narrow redshift range (0.5 to 0.65). The sample was selected from our new, spectroscopically complete 7C survey and the 3CRR catalogue. Despite the very large radio luminosity range, the host luminosities are only weakly correlated (if at all) with radio power, perhaps reflecting a predominance of purely central engine processes in the formation of radio jets, and hence perhaps also in the radio-loud/-quiet dichotomy at these redshifts. The results also contradict naive expectations from several quasar formation theories, but the host magnitudes support radio-loud Unified Schemes.Comment: To appear in the Proceedings of the ESO/IAC Conference on 'Quasar Hosts' - Tenerife 24-27 September 199

IRAS F10214+4724: the inner 100pc

We use new near-infrared spectroscopy and our published optical spectroscopy of the gravitationally-lensed Seyfert-2 galaxy F10214+4724 to study both the links between the starburst and AGN in this object and the properties of the inner narrow-line clouds. The UV spectrum is consistent with a compact, moderately- reddened starburst providing about half the UV light. Spectroscopy of the Halpha /[NII] line blend has enabled us to distinguish emission from the narrow-line region of the Seyfert-2 and a moderately-reddened emission line region which we argue is associated with the starburst. Estimates of the star formation rate from the UV continuum flux and the Halpha flux are broadly consistent. We can explain the unusual emission line properties of F10214+4724 in terms of conventional models for nearby Seyfert-2 galaxies if lensing is preferentially magnifying the side of the inner narrow-line region between the AGN and the observer, and the other side is both less magnified and partially obscured by the torus. The hydrogen densities of clouds in this region are high enough to make the Balmer lines optically thick and to suppress forbidden emission lines with low critical densities. We have deduced the column density of both ionised and neutral gas in the narrow-line clouds, and the density of the ionised gas. Using these we have been able to estimate the mass of the inner narrow-line clouds to be ~ 1 solar mass, and show that the gas:dust ratio NH/E(B-V) in these clouds must be ~1.3x10^{27}m^{-2}mag^{-1}, significantly higher than in the Milky Way. The cloud properties are consistent with the those of the warm absorbers seen in the X-ray spectra of Seyfert-1 galaxies. Our results favour models in which narrow-line clouds start close to the nucleus and flow out.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by MNRA

Hydraulophone design considerations : absement, displacement, and velocity-sensitive music keyboard in which each key is a water jet

We present a musical keyboard that is not only velocity-sensitive, but in fact responds to absement (presement), displacement (placement), velocity, acceleration, jerk, jounce, etc. (i.e. to all the derivatives, as well as the integral, of displacement). Moreover, unlike a piano keyboard in which the keys reach a point of maximal displacement, our keys are essentially infinite in length, and thus never reach an end to their key travel. Our infinite length keys are achieved by using water jet streams that continue to flow past the fingers of a person playing the instrument. The instrument takes the form of a pipe with a row of holes, in which water flows out of each hole, while a user is invited to play the instrument by interfering with the flow of water coming out of the holes. The instrument resembles a large flute, but, unlike a flute, there is no complicated fingering pattern. Instead, each hole (each water jet) corresponds to one note (as with a piano or pipe organ). Therefore, unlike a flute, chords can be played by blocking more than one water jet hole at the same time. Because each note corresponds to only one hole, different fingers of the musician can be inserted into, onto, around, or near several of the instrument’s many water jet holes, in a variety of different ways, resulting in an ability to independently control the way in which each note in a chord sounds. Thus the hydraulophone combines the intricate embouchure control of woodwind instruments with the polyphony of keyboard instruments. Various forms of our instrument include totally acoustic, totally electronic, as well as hybrid instruments that are acoustic but also include an interface to a multimedia computer to produce a mixture of sounds that are produced by the acoustic properties of water screeching through orific plates, as well as synthesized sounds

Thermal-infrared imaging of 3C radio galaxies at z~1

We present the results of a programme of thermal-IR imaging of nineteen z~1 radio galaxies from the 3CR and 3CRR samples. We detect emission at L' (3.8um) from four objects; in each case the emission is unresolved at 1" resolution. Fifteen radio galaxies remain undetected to sensitive limits of L'~15.5. Using these data in tandem with archived HST data and near-IR spectroscopy we show that 3 of the detected `radio galaxies' (3C22, 3C41, and 3C65) harbour quasars reddened by Av<5. Correcting for this reddening 3C22 and 3C41 are very similar to coeval 3C quasars, whilst 3C65 seems unusually underluminous. The fourth radio galaxy detection (3C265) is a more highly obscured (Av~15) but otherwise typical quasar which previously has been evident only in scattered light. We determine the fraction of dust-reddened quasars at z~1 to be 28(+25)(-13)% at 90% confidence. On the assumption that the undetected radio galaxies harbour quasars similar to those in 3C22, 3C41 and 3C265 (as seems reasonable given their similar narrow emission line luminosities) we deduce extinctions of Av>15 towards their nuclei. The contributions of reddened quasar nuclei to the total K-band light ranges from ~0 per cent for the non-detections, through ~10 per cent for 3C265 to ~80 per cent for 3C22 and 3C41. Correcting for these effects does not remove the previously reported differences between the K magnitudes of 3C and 6C radio galaxies, so contamination by reddened quasar nuclei is not a serious problem for drawing cosmological conclusions from the K-z relation for radio galaxies. We discuss these results in the context of the `receding torus' model which predicts a small fraction of lightly-reddened quasars in samples of high radio luminosity sources. We also examine the likely future importance of thermal-IR imaging in the study of distant powerful radio sources.Comment: 17 pages incl 14 figures, accepted by MNRA

Searches for galaxies at z > 4 through Lyman-limit imaging

We present preliminary results of a search for galaxies at z>4 through Lyman-limit imaging of the fields of known high-redshift radio-galaxies. Objects were selected by means of their broad-band colours, and spectroscopy of candidate objects in one of the fields has been performed through multi-slit spectroscopy at the 4.2m William Herschel Telescope. These spectra show some of the first z>4 galaxies to be identified using the Lyman break technique.Comment: 4 pages, LaTeX, requires paspconf.sty (included). To appear in Proceedings of "The Young Universe", Rome Observatory, Sep 29 - Oct 3 199

Color and Variability Characteristics of Point Sources in the Faint Sky Variability Survey

We present an analysis of the color and variability characteristics for point sources in the Faint Sky Variability Survey (FSVS). The FSVS cataloged ~23 square degrees in BVI filters from ~16--24 mag to investigate variability in faint sources at moderate to high Galactic latitudes. Point source completeness is found to be >83% for a selected representative sample (V=17.5--22.0 mag, B-V=0.0--1.5) containing both photometric B, V detections and 80% of the time-sampled V data available compared to a basic internal source completeness of 99%. Multi-epoch (10--30) observations in V spanning minutes to years modeled by light curve simulations reveal amplitude sensitivities to 0.015--0.075 mag over a representative V=18--22 mag range. Periodicity determinations appear viable to time-scales of an order 1 day or less using the most sampled fields (~30 epochs). The fraction of point sources is found to be generally variable at 5--8% over V=17.5--22.0 mag. For V brighter than 19 mag, the variable population is dominated by low amplitude (<0.05 mag) and blue (B-V<0.35) sources, possibly representing a population of gamma Doradus stars. Overall, the dominant population of variable sources are bluer than B-V=0.65 and have Main Sequence colors, likely reflecting larger populations of RR Lyrae, SX Phe, gamma Doradus, and W UMa variables.Comment: 34 pages, 16 figures, accepted in A

A Descriptive Analysis of the Retail Real Estate Markets at the Metropolitan Level

Gross Leasable Area (GLA) per capita is a commonly used measure to compare the retail market potential across different retail real estate markets. This paper uses GLA per capita to assess the supply of the retail space across 58 metropolitan areas in the United States. After a detailed descriptive analysis of the supply of retail space, we estimate GLA per capita for each metropolitan area using a modified version of the stock adjustment model. Initial findings indicate that the retail construction boom of the 1980s was not a boom at all and that GLA per capita can be predicted using a multi-factor model.