5 research outputs found
MicroRNAs in Gene Regulation: When the Smallest Governs It All
Encoded by the genome of most eukaryotes examined so far,
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small ~21-nucleotide (nt) noncoding
RNAs (ncRNAs) derived from a biosynthetic cascade involving
sequential processing steps executed by the ribonucleases
(RNases) III Drosha and Dicer. Following their recent
identification, miRNAs have rapidly taken the center stage as key
regulators of gene expression. In this review, we will summarize
our current knowledge of the miRNA biosynthetic pathway and its
protein components, as well as the processes it regulates via
miRNAs, which are known to exert a variety of biological functions
in eukaryotes. Although the relative importance of miRNAs remains
to be fully appreciated, deregulated protein expression resulting
from either dysfunctional miRNA biogenesis or abnormal miRNA-based
gene regulation may represent a key etiologic factor in several,
as yet unidentified, diseases. Hence is our need to better understand
the complexity of the basic mechanisms underlying miRNA biogenesis
and function
Blanc-persiste
Platelets have a crucial role in the maintenance of hemostasis as well as in thrombosis and vessel occlusion, which underlie stroke and acute coronary syndromes. Anucleate platelets contain mRNAs and are capable of protein synthesis, raising the issue of how these mRNAs are regulated. Here we show that human platelets harbor an abundant and diverse array of microRNAs (miRNAs), which are known as key regulators of mRNA translation in other cell types. Further analyses revealed that platelets contain the Dicer and Argonaute 2 (Ago2) complexes, which function in the processing of exogenous miRNA precursors and the control of specific reporter transcripts, respectively. Detection of the receptor P2Y₁₂ mRNA in Ago2 immunoprecipitates suggests that P2Y₁₂ expression may be subjected to miRNA control in human platelets. Our study lends an additional level of complexity to the control of gene expression in these anucleate elements of the cardiovascular system
Asymmetric conformational changes in a GPCR dimer controlled by G-proteins
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are key players in cell communication. Although long considered as monomeric, it now appears that these heptahelical proteins can form homo- or heterodimers. Here, we analyzed the conformational changes in each subunit of a receptor dimer resulting from agonist binding to either one or both subunits by measuring the fluorescent properties of a leukotriene B(4) receptor dimer with a single 5-hydroxytryptophan-labeled protomer. We show that a receptor dimer with only a single agonist-occupied subunit can trigger G-protein activation. We also show that the two subunits of the receptor dimer in the G-protein-coupled state differ in their conformation, even when both are liganded by the agonist. No such asymmetric conformational changes are observed in the absence of G-protein, indicating that the interaction of the G-protein with the receptor dimer brings specific constraints that prevent a symmetric functioning of this dimer. These data open new options for the differential signaling properties of GPCR dimers