Daidzein and genistein but not their glucosides are absorbed from the rat stomach

AbstractAbsorption of isoflavone aglycones and glucosides was compared in rats. Daidzein, genistein, daidzin and genistin were orally administered at a dose of 7.9 μmol/kg in 25 mM Na2CO3 and next their metabolite concentration in blood plasma was monitored for 30 min. After isoflavone glucosides administration, their metabolites appeared in plasma with a few minutes delay as compared to aglycones, which suggested that aglycones, but not glucosides, were absorbed already in the rat stomach. This observation was confirmed when absorption site was restricted solely to the stomach and absorption was shown to be independent of the vehicle pH used for administration

Recent Advances in Processing and Development of Buckwheat Derived Bakery and Non-Bakery Products - A Review

Here we present a successful intra-arterial thrombolysis performed in the second trimester of pregnancy (21 weeks). The intervention resulted in complete recanalization of the occluded right middle cerebral artery and favourable clinical and gestational outcome. Together with cases described in respective medical literature our report affirms that in pregnancy acute ischemic stroke could be treated effectively applying intra-arterial thrombolysis (using rt-PA). This therapy could provide opportunity to help in such desperate situations

The effect of germination process on the superoxide dismutase-like activity and thiamine, riboflavin and mineral contents of rapeseeds

Seeds of double low oilseed rape variety Mango (Brassica napus, var. oleifera) were subjected to a 7-day germination at 25 °C and 95% moisture content in darkness in a conditioning cabinet. The effects of the germination process on the superoxide dismutase-like activity (SOD-like activity), thiamine (vitamin B1) and riboflavin (vitamin B2) and minerals, such as Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe and Mn, were studied. Correlations between individual mineral contents, vitamin B1 and B2 contents, and the ability of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) extracts from germinated rapeseed to scavenge superoxide anion radicals in vitro were also investigated. SOD-like activity showed a gradual increase after the second day of germination, reaching a maximum level on the sixth day, and remained almost constant up to the end of the germination period. During germination, thiamine underwent a progressive decrease up to the sixth day, reaching a constant level between the sixth and the seventh day. In contrast, riboflavin content increased throughout the germination period up to the fifth day, and after that a constant level was observed. Levels of Ca and Mg were almost constant up to the fourth day and after that an increase of these minerals was observed. Cu and Mn increased during the germination process, and retentions of 33% and 22%, respectively, were observed at the end of germination. Fe content dropped after 1 day of germination and from there onward it started to increase gradually and an 18% retention was observed in 7-day germinated seeds. Positive correlations between SOD-like activity and riboflavin (r = 0.87), Cu (r = 0.74) and Mn (r = 0.87) were found during rapeseed germinationPolish-Spanish (PAN – CFIC) collaboration 2005PL-0018 and it was funded in parts by the Spanish Commission of Science and Technology AGL2002-02905/ALI and AGL2004-00886/ALI, and statutory funds of the Department of Food Technology of the Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences.Peer reviewe

Vitamins B1, B2, B6 in raw and processed buckwheat sprouts

Trabajo presentado al EuroFoodChem XVI, celebrado en Gdansk (Polonia) del 6 al 8 de julio de 2011.Peer reviewe

Inositol phosphate content and trypsin inhibitor activity in ready-to-eat cruciferous sprouts

Four cruciferous seeds (small radish, radish, white mustard and rapeseed) were germinated in order to study the fate of inositol hexaphosphate (IP-6, phytic acid) and activity of trypsin inhibitor (TIA). Reduction in the content of phytic acid depended on the time of germination. After four days of germination, when sprouts were ready-to-eat, the amount of this compound was about 50% lower in three out of the four seeds evaluated. Next, a sharp reduction in phytic acid occurred during thermal treatments (pasteurization and sterilization) of germinated rapeseed and radish sprouts. In thermal processes, a decrease in inositol hexaphosphate content was accompanied by the appearance of lower forms of inositol phosphates: IP-5, IP-4 and IP-3. The analysis of TIA, in rapeseed and radish seeds, in four-day sprouts and in these sprouts after thermal treatment, showed that only thermal processes caused complete disappearance this activity.This work was funded by the Spanish Commission of Science and Technology AGL2002-02905ALI and AGL2004-00886/ALI, and the Polish State Committee for Scientific Research (research Grant No. 5 P06G 043 19).Peer Reviewe

Vitamin B1 and B2, dietary fiber and minerals content of Cruciferae sprouts

The contents in selected Cruciferae seeds and ready-to-eat sprouts of thiamine (B1) and riboflavin (B2) were determined by HPLC methodology. The content of soluble and insoluble fractions of dietary fiber was determined by the enzymatic method. In addition, the calcium, magnesium, zinc, cooper, ferrum and manganese concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry and after that the correlation between some mineral content and the ability of seeds and sprouts phosphate buffered saline extracts to scavenge the superoxide anion radicals in vitro was investigated. The small radish, radish, rapeseeds and white mustard seeds contained vitamin B1 in the range from 0.41 up to 0.70 mg/100 g d.m., however its amount found in the ready-to-eat sprouts were lower by 46, 39, 42 and 47%, respectively. In contrast, the content of vitamin B2 in the ready-to-eat sprouts showed approximately three-fold higher content when compared to its range found in the seeds (0.096 mg/100 g d.m up to 0.138 mg/100 g d.m.). The total dietary fiber content in ready-to-eat sprouts, including the soluble and insoluble forms, was 20% higher when compared to the seeds and the proportion of insoluble to soluble fiber was about two-fold higher in radish sprouts, four-fold higher in rapeseed sprouts, and six and nine-fold higher in small radish and white mustard sprouts, respectively. The sprouts contained higher amounts of Ca, Mg, Cu and Zn approximately by 12, 14, 25 and 45%, respectively, when compared to the seeds. The similar beneficial changes were noted for Cu and Zn. Their amount noted in sprouts was higher by average of 25% for Cu and by 45% for Zn. No changes in Mn and Fe levels were found between seeds and sprouts. One exception was only made to Fe content in the white mustard sprouts in which the Fe amount was lower than that found in the seeds. The SOD-like activities of the seed extracts were positively correlated only with the manganese level (r=0.94), however, this correlation was not found in ready-to-eat sprouts. No other correlations were found between SOD-like activity and microelements contents in the seeds and sprouts.This work was funded by the Spanish Commission of Science and Technology AGL2002-02905ALI and the Polish State Committee for Scientific Research (research grant No. 5 P06G 043 19).Peer Reviewe

Evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of lupin sprouts germinated in the presence of selenium.

Antioxidant capacity of 5 DAS (days after seeding) lupin sprouts germinated in the presence of selenate or selenite was determined by cyclic voltammetry (CV), Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR) application and photochemiluminescence (PCL) methods. The hydrophilic (80% methanol) and lipophillic (hexane/methanol) extracts of 5 DAS lupin sprouts germinated in the absence of selenium (control sprouts) showed higher antioxidant capacity than ungerminated seeds. Five DAS sprouts produced in the presence of higher concentration of selenate or selenite (6–8 mg/L) showed increased total antioxidant capacity formed by both hydrophilic and lipohillic antioxidants when evaluated by CV and FCR methods. The hydrophilic extracts from sprouts produced in the presence of low concentration of selenate (2–6 mg/L) showed a significantly higher antioxidant capacity of water-soluble compounds (PCL ACW) while no changes were noted in those germinated in the presence of the highest concentration in relation to the control sprouts. In contrast, the antioxidant capacity of lipid-soluble compounds (PCL ACL) lowered significantly in relation to the control sprouts. The similar changes in antioxidant capacity of sprouts produced in the presence of selenite were found by both PCL assays. Comparison of PCL with CV and FCR reducing capacity assays has shown that these methods yielded considerably different chemical information. Moreover, the changes in total antioxidant and total reducing capacity of sprouts germinated in the presence of either selenate or selenite provided by CV and FCR assays were higher than those obtained by photochemiluminesce measurements. It can be suggested to use 6–8 mg/L of selenite rather than selenate in order to obtain a lupin sprouts with high antioxidant capacity.Peer reviewe

Germination as a process to improve the antioxidant capacity of Lupinus angustifolius L. var. Zapaton

Antioxidant capacity, measured by glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase-like activity (SOD-like activity), peroxyl radical-trapping capacity (PRTC), trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and inhibition of lipid peroxidation in unilamellar liposomes of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (PC) has been evaluated in raw and germinated lupin seeds (Lupinus angustifolius L. var. Zapaton) for 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 9 days. The content of antioxidant vitamins E and C has been also studied. The tripeptide GSH kept invariable for the first 5 days of germination and suffered a decrease of 20 and 78% after 6 and 9 days, respectively. During lupin germination, SOD-like activity increased slightly whilst PRTC doubled the amount after 9 days. TEAC values changed slightly up to 5 days of germination but after 6 and 9 days a significant increase (25 and 28%, respectively) was found. The oxidation of PC was inhibited by germinated lupin extracts and 9-day germination seeds provided the highest inhibition. Furthermore, germinated lupins provided more vitamin C, vitamin E activity and polyphenols than raw seeds, and the largest amounts of these bioactive compounds were found after 6 days of germination. Therefore, germination of lupin seeds (Lupinus angustifolius L. var. Zapaton) seems to be a good process to enhance their antioxidant capacity.Spanish Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CICYT) for the financial support of projects AGL2002-02905/ALI and AGL2004- 0886/ALI.Peer reviewe

Antioxidant capacity evaluation and polyphenolic content of high-protein lupin products

In order to produce high protein lupin products, a-galactoside extraction from Lupinus angustifolius cv. Troll and cv. Emir and Lupinus albus cv. Multolupa, and protein isolation from L. albus cv. Multolupa were carried out. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), DPPH radical-scavenging activity (DPPH-RSA), peroxyl radical-trapping capacity (PRTC), superoxide dismutase-like activity (SOD-like activity), total phenolic compounds (TPC) and total flavonoids were determined in lupin products. In L. angustifolius cv. Troll, L. angustifolius cv. Emir and L. albus cv. Multolupa a-galactoside-low flours, the TEAC and DPPH-RSA decreased (43%, 38%; 73%, 82%; 77%, 38%, respectively). PRTC decreased in L. angustifolius cv. Troll and L. albus cv. Multolupa a-galactoside-low flours (13% and 98%, respectively), while in those of L. angustifolius cv. Emir, PRTC increased (25%). SOD-like activity and TPC were also affected by a-galactoside extraction and reductions of 30–52% and 38–56%, respectively, were observed. The protein isolate of L. albus cv. Multolupa presented lower TEAC (24%), a similar level of PRTC and twice higher level of DPPH-RSA than did a-galactoside-low Multolupa flour. Moreover, the SOD-like activity of lupin protein isolate was sharply reduced but the TPC content was 24% higher. The technological procedures, a-galactoside extraction and protein isolation, provide high protein lupin products but with lower antioxidant capacity and total phenolic compounds than the raw seeds, although the levels of antioxidant capacity of these lupin products resemble those of cereals.This work was performed under a common Polish-Spanish (PAN – CSIC) collaboration 2006PL-0006 and it was funded in part by the Spanish Commission of Science and Technology AGL2004-00886/ ALI, and statutory funds of the Department of Food Technology of the Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences.Peer reviewe