Association of the number of obesity-related eating behaviors with individual foods groups associated with higher energy density (ED).

<p>N = 11,546.</p>*<p>p<0.05;</p>**<p>p<0.001;</p><p>EO: Eating occasion; SD: Standard deviation.</p>a<p>Obesity-related eating behaviors are as follows: not planning how much to eat before sitting down, consuming precooked and/or canned foods ≥1 time/wk, buying snacks at vending machines ≥1 time/wk, eating at fast-food restaurants ≥1 time/wk, never or almost never choosing low-energy foods, never or almost never removing visible fat from meat, never or almost never removing skin from chicken, and eating while watching TV >2 times/wk.</p>b<p>Adjusted for sex, age, educational level, smoking, social class, leisure time physical activity, time spent watching TV, body mass index (<25, 25–29.9, ≥30 kg/m²), coronary disease, stroke, asthma, cancer, osteomuscular disease, portion size of solid food, energy density of solid food, number of EO of solid food, consumption of sugary beverages, and consumption of alcoholic beverages, when appropriate.</p

Association of individual obesity-related eating behaviors with portion size, energy density of foods, number of eating occasion, and beverage consumption^a.

<p>N = 11,546.</p>*<p>p<0.05;</p>**<p>p<0.001;</p><p>EO: Eating occasion.</p>a<p>Values are β (95% CI) obtained from linear regression and adjusted for sex, age, educational level, smoking, social class, leisure time physical activity, time spent watching TV, body mass index (<25, 25–29.9, ≥30 kg/m²), coronary disease, stroke, asthma, cancer, osteomuscular disease, portion size of solid food, energy density of solid food, number of EO of solid food, consumption of sugary beverages, and consumption of alcoholic beverages, when appropriate.</p>b<p>Analyses based on 10,154 participants who eat meat.</p>c<p>Analyses based on 9,808 participants who eat chicken.</p

Top positive and negative Pearson correlations coefficients between food groups and total energy density from solid food^a.

<p>N = 11,546.</p>a<p>Results are shown only for food groups with Pearson correlation coefficient >0.05.</p>b<p>Jam, chocolate pudding, chocolate truffles, chocolate-hazelnut creams, nougats, marzipan, cakes, sponge cakes, croissants, donuts, pastries and cookies.</p>c<p>White bread, wholemeal bread, breadsticks, hamburger and hotdog buns.</p>d<p>Pork sausages, veal sausages, and poultry sausages.</p>e<p>Unripened cheese, ripened cheese, processed cheese, yogurt, custard, mousse, and ice cream.</p>f<p>Unstuffed pasta, stuffed pasta, and pizza.</p>g<p>Baked potatoes, boiled potatoes, mashed potatoes, French fries, and potato chips.</p>h<p>Veal, beef, pork, wild boar, horse, lamb and goat..</p>i<p>Berries, custard apple, apple, pear, plum, pomegranate, passion fruit, fig, kiwi, lychee, lime, lemon, tangerine, orange, mango, peach, nectarine, apricot, loquat, persimmon, watermelon, papaya, and pineapple.</p>j<p>Chard, celery, watercress, collard green, borage, spinach, cabbage, endive, lettuce, thistle, scallion, fennel, onion, leek, garlic, asparagus, palm heart, turnip, parsnip, radishes, beets, soy, carrot, artichoke, eggplant, broccoli, cauliflower, zucchini, pumpkin, green been, corn, pepper, tomato, champignon, and mushroom.</p>k<p>Pollack, weever, blue whiting, cod, sea bream, red scorpionfish, dogfish, black seabream, pouting, megrim, halibut, common sole, seabass, whiting, hake, grouper, flathead mullet, common pandora, young hake, catshark, plaice, angler, blonde ray, turbot, red mullet, and white seabream.</p>l<p>Chickpeas, beans, and lentils.</p>m<p>Anchovy, sardine, eel, herring, tuna, albacore, Atlantic horse mackerel, Atlantic mackerel, transparent goby, conger, swordfish, pomfret, and salmon.</p>n<p>Chicken, quail, pheasant, goose, duck, turkey, pigeon, partridge and rabbit.</p

Association of the number of obesity-related eating behaviors with individual foods groups associated with lower energy density (ED).

<p>N = 11,546.</p>*<p>p<0.05;</p><p>** p<0.001;</p><p>EO: Eating occasion; SD: Standard deviation.</p>a<p>Obesity-related eating behaviors are as follows: not planning how much to eat before sitting down, consuming precooked and/or canned foods ≥1 time/wk, buying snacks at vending machines ≥1 time/wk, eating at fast-food restaurants ≥1 time/wk, never or almost never choosing low-energy foods, never or almost never removing visible fat from meat, never or almost never removing skin from chicken, and eating while watching TV >2 times/wk.</p>b<p>Adjusted for sex, age, educational level, smoking, social class, leisure time physical activity, time spent watching TV, body mass index (<25, 25–29.9, ≥30 kg/m²), coronary disease, stroke, asthma, cancer, osteomuscular disease, portion size of solid food, energy density of solid food, number of EO of solid food, consumption of sugary beverages, and consumption of alcoholic beverages, when appropriate.</p

Portion size, energy density, number of eating occasions, and consumption of sugary and alcoholic beverages, according to the characteristics of the study participants^a.

<p>EO: Eating occasion; SD: Standard deviation</p>a<p>Values are means (standard deviation).</p>b<p>Eating occasions are breakfast, mid-morning snack, lunch, afternoon snacks, dinner and eating between these meals (in most cases after dinner).</p

Association of the number of obesity-related eating behaviors with the main type of sugary and alcoholic beverages.

<p>N = 11,546.</p>*<p>p<0.05;</p>**<p>p<0.001;</p><p>EO: Eating occasion; SD: Standard deviation.</p>a<p>Obesity-related eating behaviors are as follows: not planning how much to eat before sitting down, consuming precooked and/or canned foods ≥1 time/wk, buying snacks at vending machines ≥1 time/wk, eating at fast-food restaurants ≥1 time/wk, never or almost never choosing low-energy foods, never or almost never removing visible fat from meat, never or almost never removing skin from chicken, and eating while watching TV >2 times/wk.</p>b<p>Adjusted for sex, age, educational level, smoking, social class, leisure time physical activity, time spent watching TV, body mass index (<25, 25–29.9, ≥30 kg/m²), coronary disease, stroke, asthma, cancer, osteomuscular disease, portion size of solid food, energy density of solid food, number of EO of solid food, consumption of sugary beverages, and consumption of alcoholic beverages, when appropriate.</p

Pearson correlation coefficients between food portion size, energy density of food, number of eating occasions, and beverage consumption.

**<p>p<0.001;</p><p>EO: Eating occasion.</p>a<p>Eating occasions are breakfast, mid-morning snack, lunch, afternoon snack, dinner, and eating between these meals (in most cases after dinner).</p

Association of the number of obesity-related eating behaviors with portion size, energy density of foods, number of eating occasions, and beverage consumption.

<p>N = 11,546.</p>*<p>p<0.05;</p>**<p>p<0.001;</p><p>EO: Eating occasion; SD: Standard deviation.</p>a<p>Obesity-related eating behaviors are as follows: not planning how much to eat before sitting down, consuming precooked and/or canned foods ≥1 time/wk, buying snacks at vending machines ≥1 time/wk, eating at fast-food restaurants ≥1 time/wk, never or almost never choosing low-energy foods, never or almost never removing visible fat from meat, never or almost never removing skin from chicken, and eating while watching TV >2 times/wk.</p>b<p>Adjusted for sex, age, educational level, smoking, social class, leisure time physical activity, time spent watching TV, body mass index (<25, 25–29.9, ≥30 kg/m²), coronary disease, stroke, asthma, cancer, osteomuscular disease, portion size of solid food, energy density of solid food, number of EO of solid food, consumption of sugary beverages, and consumption of alcoholic beverages, when appropriate.</p

Variables associated with accordance with Mediterranean Diet.

a<p>Odds ratio adjusted for sex and age.</p><p>n = 609.</p

Characteristics of diagnosed diabetic subjects in the ENRICA Study.

<p>For continuous variables, the mean (standard deviation) is reported.</p