6 research outputs found

    G-protein-coupled receptors in invertebrate innate immunity

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    Receptory zwi膮zane z bia艂kami G (GPCRs) stanowi膮 najliczniejsz膮 i bardzo zr贸偶nicowan膮 grup臋 receptor贸w b艂onowych odpowiedzialnych za przekazywanie sygna艂贸w ze 艣rodowiska zewn臋trznego do wn臋trza kom贸rki. GPCRs uczestnicz膮 niemal w ka偶dym aspekcie 偶ycia organizm贸w, reguluj膮c m. in. mechanizmy zwi膮zane z odpowiedzi膮 immunologiczn膮, zar贸wno u kr臋gowc贸w, jak i bezkr臋gowc贸w. W pracy opisano og贸ln膮 budow臋 i klasyfikacj臋 GPCRs, mechanizmy aktywacji i przekazywania sygna艂u przez te receptory oraz sposoby regulacji ich aktywno艣ci. Ponadto zamieszczono podstawowe informacje na temat mechanizm贸w rozpoznawania patogen贸w przez bezkr臋gowce. W zasadniczej cz臋艣ci pracy zaprezentowano wyniki najnowszych bada艅 dotycz膮ce zaanga偶owania GPCRs w reakcje obronne bezkr臋gowc贸w, na przyk艂adzie wybranych organizm贸w modelowych, tj. skrzyp艂ocza atlantyckiego (Limulus polyphemus), muszki owocowej (Drosophila melanogaster) oraz nicienia (Caenorhabditis elegans).The G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) form the largest and most diverse group of membrane receptors engaged in extracellular signals transduction. GPCRs are involved in almost all aspects of vertebrates and invertebrates' life, including regulation of the immune response mechanisms. The paper describes the general structure and classification of GPCRs. Moreover, it presents the mechanisms of GPCR activation and signal transduction as well as the regulation of GPCR activity. Furthermore, basic information about the mechanisms of pathogen recognition by invertebrates is included. The main part of this review shows the most recent data about the involvement of GPCRs in defense mechanisms of invertebrates such as the horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus), fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster), and nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans)

    Three Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains with different protease profiles

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    The proteolytic activity of three Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, ATCC 27853 - a reference strain, and two clinical isolates was tested. The activity was examined after culturing the bacteria in two different growth media: the minimal M9 medium and rich Luria-Bertani broth (LB). Based on zymograms and protease activity specific assays, it was concluded that the reference strain produced three proteolytic enzymes in the LB medium: protease IV, elastase B and elastase A, while alkaline protease was only produced in the M9 medium. The clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa produced elastase B and alkaline protease when grown in the LB medium and the minimal M9 medium, respectively. PCR analysis confirmed the presence of both the lasB gene encoding elastase B and aprA coding for alkaline protease in the genomes of the three P. aeruginosa strains analyzed. The expression of these genes coding for two important P. aeruginosa virulence factors was dependent on the growth conditions in all the strains studied. The contribution of the extracellular proteinases to the virulence of P. aeruginosa strains used in this study was investigated using an insect model, the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella
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