The Use of Eye-tracking in Information Systems Research: A Literature Review of the Last Decade

Eye-trackers provide continuous information on individuals’ gaze behavior. Due to the increasing popularity of eye- tracking in the information systems (IS) field, we reviewed how past research has used eye-tracking to inform future research. Accordingly, we conducted a literature review to describe the use of eye-tracking in IS research based on a sample of 113 empirical papers published since 2008 in IS journals and conference proceedings. Specifically, we examined the methodologies and experimental settings used in eye-tracking IS research and how eye-tracking can be used to inform the IS field. We found that IS research that used eye-tracking varies in its methodological and theoretical complexity. Research on pattern analysis shows promise since such research develops a broader range of analysis methodologies. The potential of eye-tracking remains unfulfilled in the IS field since past research has mostly focused on attention-related constructs and used fixation count metrics on desktop computers. We call for researchers to utilize eye-tracking more broadly in IS research by extending the type of metrics they use, the analyses they perform, and the constructs they investigate

State-Space Approach for SPMSM Sensorless Passive Algorithm Tuning

Sensorless algorithms for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM) have achieved increasing interest in the technical literature over the last few years. They can be divided into active methods and passive methods: the first inject high-frequency signals exploiting rotor anisotropy, whereas the second are based on observers. Recently, a sensorless control based on a rotor flux observer has been presented in the technical literature, which gives very accurate results in terms of rotor position estimation and robustness. In this paper, the aforementioned observer is considered and a procedure for choosing stabilizing gains of the observer is proposed. The contribution of the paper is three-fold: the mathematical modelling of the rotor flux observer, the methodology for the definition of the observer gains, and the presentation of the experimental results

Sensorless Control with Switching Frequency Square Wave Voltage Injection for SPMSM with Low Rotor Magnetic Anisotropy

High-frequency signal injection sensorless algorithms are widely studied and used for rotor angle estimation in PMSM at low speed or standstill. One of the main drawbacks of such methods is the acoustic noise connected to the voltage injection. In order to minimize this problem, it is advisable to increase the frequency of the injected signal. Thus, many studies focus on square-wave injection at the switching frequency, which is the maximum theoretical frequency. Since these methods exploit the rotor magnetic anisotropy, it is relatively easy to use them in interior PMSMs, where the rotor anisotropy is high. On the contrary, it is hard to exploit them in surface PMSMs, which have an almost symmetric rotor, although a low rotor magnetic anisotropy is still present. In this paper, a sensorless algorithm with switching frequency squarewave injection is developed for surface PMSMs. To increase the signal-to-noise ratio, current oversampling is exploited. The benefits of such a technique are demonstrated with experimental results on a 2 Nm SPMSM

Electrical-Loss Analysis of Power-Split Hybrid Electric Vehicles

The growing development of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) has seen the spread of architectures with transmission based on planetary gear train, realized thanks to two electric machines. This architecture, by continuously regulating the transmission ratio, allows the internal combustion engine (ICE) to work in optimal conditions. On the one hand, the average ICE efficiency is increased thanks to better loading situations, while, on the other hand, electrical losses are introduced due to the power circulation between the two electrical machines mentioned above. The aim of this study is then to accurately evaluate electrical losses and the average ICE efficiency in various operating conditions and over different road missions. The models used in this study are presented for both the Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) architecture and the Discontinuously Variable Transmission (DVT) architecture. In addition, efficiency maps of the main components are shown. Finally, the simulation results are presented to point out strengths and weaknesses of the CVT architecture

Surface Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors’ Passive Sensorless Control: A Review

Sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motors is nowadays used in many industrial, home and traction applications, as it allows the presence of a position sensor to be avoided with benefits for the cost and reliability of the drive. An estimation of the rotor position is required to perform the field-oriented control (FOC), which is the most common control scheme used for this type of motor. Many algorithms have been developed for this purpose, which use different techniques to derive the rotor angle from the stator voltages and currents. Among them, the so-called passive methods have gained increasing interest as they do not introduce additional losses and current distortion associated instead with algorithms based on the injection of high-frequency signals. The aim of this paper is to present a review of the main passive sensorless methods proposed in the technical literature over the last few years, analyzing their main features and principles of operation. An experimental comparison among the most promising passive sensorless algorithms is then reported, focusing on their performance in the low-speed operating region

A Motivational Perspective on the Personalization of Gamification

The gamification of information systems has seen success in a variety of contexts. However, research has shown that the degree to which gamification is successful varies between individuals. The current paper evaluates the effectiveness of personalized gamification in a warehouse management context. Additionally, this paper explores why personalized gamification can be more successful than non-personalized gamification. Twenty-six subjects participated in a within-subject laboratory experiment in which goal setting and feedback game elements were integrated into a wearable management information system to examine their effect on user performance in a warehouse picking task. The effectiveness of personalized gamification was evaluated by categorizing participants into user types using the HEXAD model and examining performance across conditions and user types. Results show that user type significantly affects the relationship between game elements and user performance. This paper takes a step forward in exploring the motivational mechanisms that explain the efficacy of personalized gamification

Should Gamification be Personalized? A Self-deterministic Approach

Information system (IS) gamification has been successful in many contexts. Yet, research has shown gamification’s success to vary between individuals. In this paper, we compare personalized versus non-personalized gamification in a warehouse management setting. We devised a 26-participant within-subject experiment in which we programmed goal setting and feedback gamification elements into a wearable warehouse management system to evaluate the effectiveness of personalized gamification in terms of user performance. We examined the extent to which personalized gamification succeeded by categorizing participants into one of six user types through the HEXAD scale and then evaluating their performance time and errors across user types and conditions. We found that personalized gamification is more effective than non-personalized gamification. We present and discuss the motivational mechanisms through which personalized gamification can be more effective

Differentiation impairs Bach1 dependent HO-1 activation and increases sensitivity to oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells

Neuronal adaptation to oxidative stress is crucially important in order to prevent degenerative diseases. The role played by the Nrf2/HO-1 system in favoring cell survival of neuroblastoma (NB) cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been investigated using undifferentiated or all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. While undifferentiated cells were basically resistant to the oxidative stimulus, ATRA treatment progressively decreased cell viability in response to H2O2. HO-1 silencing decreased undifferentiated cell viability when exposed to H2O2, proving the role of HO-1 in cell survival. Conversely, ATRA differentiated cells exposed to H2O2 showed a significantly lower induction of HO-1, and only the supplementation with low doses of bilirubin (0,5-1 \uce\ubcM) restored viability. Moreover, the nuclear level of Bach1, repressor of HO-1 transcription, strongly decreased in undifferentiated cells exposed to oxidative stress, while did not change in ATRA differentiated cells. Furthermore, Bach1 was displaced from HO-1 promoter in undifferentiated cells exposed to H2O2, enabling the binding of Nrf2. On the contrary, in ATRA differentiated cells treated with H2O2, Bach1 displacement was impaired, preventing Nrf2 binding and limiting HO-1 transcription. In conclusion, our findings highlight the central role of Bach1 in HO-1-dependent neuronal response to oxidative stress

Campaña de comunicación integral para combatir la envidia en el Perú

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo elaborar una campaña de comunicación integral, a solicitud de la Asociación Vale un Perú, para combatir la envidia en el país. A través de la reflexión, acerca de los beneficios del desarrollo conjunto de la sociedad, se busca generar un cambio de actitudes en nuestra audiencia, para conseguir una sociedad más solidaria y así prevenir el desarrollo de la envidia

Selective Proinflammatory Activation of Astrocytes by High-Mobility Group Box 1 Protein Signaling

Abstract Extracellular high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) triggers inflammatory events in the brain. We demonstrate that astrocytes, the main glial cells in the brain, acquire a specific reactive phenotype when exposed to HMGB1. This cell activation, which involves the receptor for advanced glycation end-products and the MAPK/ERK1/2 cascade, results in the transcriptional/translational induction of a restricted number of inflammatory mediators, including cyclooxygenase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and several chemokines of the CC and CXC families. The mixture of factors released by HMGB1-reactive astrocytes displays a potent chemotactic activity on human monocytic cells. This study is the first to suggest that HMGB1/astrocyte interaction plays a specific functional role in the progression of inflammatory processes in the CNS by facilitating local leukocyte infiltration