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Zika virus damages the human placental barrier and presents marked fetal neurotropism
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Previous issue date: 2016Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. Curitiba, PR, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Carlos Chagas. Laboratório de Virologia Molecular. Curitiba, PR, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Carlos Chagas. Laboratório de Virologia Molecular. Curitiba, PR, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Instituto de Medicina Tropical. Natal, RN, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Carlos Chagas. Laboratório de Virologia Molecular. Curitiba, PR, Brasil.An unusually high incidence of microcephaly in newborns has recently been observed in Brazil. There is a
temporal association between the increase in cases of microcephaly and the Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic. Viral
RNA has been detected in amniotic fluid samples, placental tissues and newborn and fetal brain tissues. However,
much remains to be determined concerning the association between ZIKV infection and fetal malformations. In this
study, we provide evidence of the transplacental transmission of ZIKV through the detection of viral proteins and
viral RNA in placental tissue samples from expectant mothers infected at different stages of gestation. We observed
chronic placentitis (TORCH type) with viral protein detection by immunohistochemistry in Hofbauer cells and some
histiocytes in the intervillous spaces. We also demonstrated the neurotropism of the virus via the detection of viral
proteins in glial cells and in some endothelial cells and the observation of scattered foci of microcalcifications in
the brain tissues. Lesions were mainly located in the white matter. ZIKV RNA was also detected in these tissues by
real-time-polymerase chain reaction. We believe that these findings will contribute to the body of knowledge of the
mechanisms of ZIKV transmission, interactions between the virus and host cells and viral tropism