Razlozi odbijanja odgođenih dobrovoljnih davatelja krvi u istočnoj Hrvatskoj

When choosing a voluntary blood donor (VBD), it is important to ensure the donor health, and at the same time to produce a quality and safe blood product. The donor selection process leads to donor rejection related to their current health condition. The aim of this study was to determine gender differences in VBDs, to examine the reasons for their rejection, and to determine the share of permanently and temporarily deferred VBD, especially due to low hemoglobin levels. The research was conducted in eastern Croatia in the 2014 to 2018 period. The study included 144,041 blood donations from a total of 80,418 VBDs, of which 83.3% of donations were from male VBDs and 16.7% from female VBDs. There were 11.46% of temporarily deferred and permanently rejected donors. Out of all temporarily deferred donors and possible reasons for deferral, the largest share of deferrals referred to a reduced hemoglobin level, which accounted for 54% in female VBD and 46% in male VBD. Female VBDs made up to one-third of total VBDs and account for one-sixth of total blood donations. Low hemoglobin was the most common reason for VBD deferral. Gender and age are related to blood hemoglobin levels in rejected and accepted donors. Female VBDs represent a potential reservoir for increasing the total number of VBDs.Kod odabira dobrovoljnih davatelja krvi (DDK) važno je prvenstveno osigurati zdravlje davatelja, a ujedno proizvesti kvalitetan i siguran krvni pripravak. Postupkom odabira davatelja dolazi do njihovog odbijanja koje je povezano s njihovim trenutnim zdravstvenim stanjem. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi razlike među DDK u odnosu na spol te ispitati razloge njihovog odbijanja kao i utvrditi udio trajno i privremeno odbijenih DDK, osobito DDK koji su odbijeni zbog niske razine hemoglobina. Istraživanje je provedeno na području istočne Hrvatske u razdoblju od 2014. do 2018. godine. U istraživanje je bilo uključeno 144.041 donacija krvi od ukupno 80.418 DDK od čega je od ostvarenih donacija 83,3% DDK bilo muškog spola i 16,7% DDK ženskog spola. Udio privremeno odgođenih i trajno odbijenih davatelja bio je 11,46%. Od svih privremeno odgođenih davatelja i mogućih razloga odgode najveći udio odgode odnosi se na smanjenu vrijednost hemoglobina i iznosi 54% kod DDK ženskog spola i 46% kod DDK muškog spola. DDK ženskog spola čine 1/3 ukupnih DDK, a ostvaruju 1/6 ukupnih darivanja krvi. Nizak hemoglobin bio je najčešći razlog odbijanja DDK. Spol i dob su povezani s razinom hemoglobina u krvi kod odbijenih davatelja. DDK ženskog spola predstavljaju potencijalni rezervoar za povećanje ukupnog broja DDK

Humani kromosom 1 u mišjim imortalnim stanicama

Telomeres are specialized structures at the ends of linear chromosomes and are essential for normal cellular function. Telomeres prevent degradation and aberrant recombination of chromosome termini and facilitate appropriate replication of chromosome ends. In this work, the telomere dynamics was followed in the immortal mouse cell strain A9 in comparison with A9+1. The latter is derived from A9 cells by introduction of human chromosome 1. In spite of the telomerase presence, a great decrease in telomere lengths was noticed in A9+1 compared to A9 cells. Behavior of individual human and mouse telomeres was also followed under the conditions of the observed gross telomere shortening. Human chromosome 1 followed the overall telomere length in hybrid cells. It is suggested that telomere lengths are primarily determined by the cell protein background.Telomere su specijalizirane strukture na krajevima linearnih kromosoma i esencijalne su za normalnu staničnu funkciju. One sprečavaju degradaciju i pogrešnu rekombinaciju krajeva kromosoma i olakšavaju replikaciju kromosomskih krajeva. U ovom radu praćena je dinamika telomera u imortalnim mišjim staničnim linijama A9 i A9+1. A9+1 stanična linija dobivena je unošenjem ljudskoga kromosoma 1 u A9 stanice. Usprkos prisustvu telomeraze primijećeno je veliko skraćenje telomera kod A9+1 u usporedbi s A9 stanicama. Praćeno je i ponašanje ljudskoga kromosoma 1 u mišjim stanicama u uvjetima pod kojima je došlo do skraćivanja telomera. Raspon duljina telomera ljudskoga kromosoma 1 odgovarao je rasponu mišjih telomera stanica doma- ćina. Ovi rezultati ukazuju da na raspon duljina telomera najveći utjecaj ima ukupan sastav telomernih proteina stanice

Utjecaj pozitivnog anti-HBc biljega na trajnu odgodu i procjena učestalosti okultne hepatitis B infekcije u populaciji dobrovoljnih davatelja krvi u istočnoj Hrvatskoj

Recently an increase has been reported in the number of HBV transmissions from anti-HBc positive blood donors that were repeatedly negative in HBsAg and nucleic acid testing using the most sensitive tests available. The aim of the study was to show the effect of anti-HBc antibody testing performed in 2006 on permanent deferral of voluntary blood donors (VBDs), and to estimate occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) rate in this population after the introduction of mandatory molecular testing in the 2013-2016 period. More than 30,000 blood donations collected during the 2005-2007 period and more than 14,000 VBDs having donated blood during the 2013-2016 period after the introduction of molecular testing from eastern Croatia were included in the study. Serologic testing was performed with HBsAg assay throughout the study period, and anti-HBc assay was only performed in 2006. As part of the confirmatory algorithm testing, all HBsAg positive and unclear results were tested with molecular tests. Anti-HBc prevalence among VBDs in 2006 was 1.5%, with a rate of 1:197, whereas HBsAg prevalence was stable from 2005 to 2007 (0.04%, 0.1% and 0.1%, respectively). The calculated OBI rate from 2013 to 2016 was 1:30,250. Ten of 161 (12.4%) VBDs had serologic anti-HBc-only pattern. Anti-HBc testing in 2006 resulted in statistically more deferrals of VBDs compared to 2005 and 2007, and to the rest of Republic of Croatia. The strategy of universal anti-HBc testing of VBDs in addition to the existing HBsAg and molecular screening could be an additional measure to prevent HBV transmission by blood and blood components.U posljednje vrijeme uočen je porast prijenosa HBV infekcije putem krvi dobrovoljnih davatelja koji su pozitivni na anti-HBc biljeg, dok su u isto vrijeme ponovljeno negativni u serološkom testiranju na HBsAg biljeg i testiranju tehnikama umnožavanja nukleinskih kiselina pričem su korišteni najosjetljiviji dostupni testovi. Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je ispitati utjecaj testiranja anti-HBc biljega provedenog u 2006. godini na trajno odbijanje dobrovoljnih davatelja krvi i procijeniti stopu okultne infekcije hepatitis B virusom u navedenoj populaciji nakon uvođenja obveznog molekularnog testiranja u razdoblju od 2013. do 2016. godine. U istraživanje je bilo uključeno više od 30.000 donacija pune krvi prikupljenih u razdoblju od 2005. do 2007. godine te više od 14.000 dobrovoljnih davatelja koji su donirali krv nakon uvođenja obveznog molekularnog testiranja u razdoblju od 2013. do 2016. godine među davateljima s područja istočne Hrvatske. Serološka testiranja HBsAg testom provedena su tijekom cijeloga razdoblja istraživanja, dok je anti-HBc test rađen samo tijekom 2006. godine. Kao dio algoritma potvrdnog testiranja svi pozitivni i nejasni rezultati HBsAg testiranja testirani su molekularnim testovima. U 2006. godini učestalost pozitivnih anti-HBc biljega među dobrovoljnim davateljima bila je 1,5% sa stopom 1:197, dok je učestalost pozitivnih HBsAg biljega od 2005. do 2007. godine iznosila 0,04%-0,1%. Izračunata stopa okultne infekcije hepatitis B virusom od 2013. do 2016. iznosila je 1:30.250. Isključivo na anti-HBc biljeg pozitivno je bilo 10/161 (12,4%) dobrovoljnih davatelja. Statistički gledano, testiranje na anti-HBc biljeg u 2006. godini u usporedbi s 2005. i 2007. godinom rezultiralo je većim brojem odbijenih dobrovoljnih davatelja u cijeloj Hrvatskoj. Strategija univerzalnog testiranja dobrovoljnih davatelja krvi na anti-HBc biljeg uz postojeći test na HBsAg biljeg i molekularni probir može predstavljati dodatnu mjeru za sprječavanje prijenosa HBV-a transfuzijom krvi i krvnim pripravcima

Kidney transplantation program in University Hospital Centre Osijek

Cilj: Klinički bolnički centar (KBC) Osijek najmlađe je transplantacijsko središte za bubreg u Hrvatskoj. Prva presadba (TX, od engl. transplantation) u Osijeku učinjena je 2007. godine, u godini ulaska Hrvatske u Eurotransplant. Cilj istraživanja je prikazati rezultate transplantacije bubrega u KBC-u Osijek, od prve transplantacije učinjene 2007. godine do siječnja 2020. godine. Ispitanici i metode: U istraživanje su bili uključeni svi ispitanici (144) kojima je učinjena transplantacija bubrega u KBC-u Osijek. Iz medicinskih zapisa prikupljeni su demografski i medicinski podatci, vremenski podatci o dijalizi i TX-u te kreatininemiji kao mjeri funkcije presatka. Analiza preživljenja učinjena je Kaplan-Meierovim testom. Rezultati: Jednogodišnje preživljenje presatka cenzurirano za smrt s funkcionirajućim presatkom bilo je 93,8 %, a petogodišnje 88,9 %. Tijekom medijana praćenja od 7 godina (interkvartilni raspon, IQR, od engl. interquartile range, 4 – 9 godina), od min. 0 godina do maks. 13 godina, preživljenje pacijenata s funkcionirajućim presatkom bilo je 86,8 %. Medijan kreatininemije godinu dana nakon TX-a bio je 132 μmol/l (IQR 100 – 174 μmol/l ), od min. 48 μmol/l do maks. 492 μmol/l, a nakon pet godina 120 μmol/l (IQR 103 – 161 μmol/l), od min. 53 μmol/l do maks. 341 μmol/l. Zaključak: Rezultati bubrežnog TX-a u KBC-u Osijek bili su na razini europskih rezultata.Aim: University Hospital Centre (UHC) Osijek is the youngest kidney transplantation center in Croatia. The first transplantation (TX) was performed in 2007, the same year when Croatia joined Eurotransplant. The aim of this study is to present results of kidney TX in UHC Osijek from the first TX in 2007 till January 2020. Patients and methods: The study included all 144 patients that underwent kidney TX in UHC Osijek. Data on demographics, medical, dialysis and TX times data and creatininemia (as the measure of kidney transplant function) were taken from medical records. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier test. Results: Kidney transplant survival censored for death with functioning transplant was 93.8 % at 1 year and 88.9 % at five years. During the median follow-up time of 7 years (interquartile range, IQR, 4 – 9 years), from min. 0 years to max. 13 years, survival of patients with functioning transplant was 86.8 %. Median creatininemia at 1 year after TX was 132 μmol/l (IQR 100 - 174 μmol/l), from min. 48 μmol/l to max. 492 μmol/l, and 120 μmol/l (IQR 103 - 161 μmol/l), from min. 53 μmol/l to max. 341 μmol/l, at 5 years. Conclusion: Results of kidney TX in UHC Osijek were similar to European results

Reasons for Deferral in Deferred Voluntary Blood Donors in Eastern Croatia

When choosing a voluntary blood donor (VBD), it is important to ensure the donor health, and at the same time to produce a quality and safe blood product. The donor selection process leads to donor rejection related to their current health condition. The aim of this study was to determine gender differences in VBDs, to examine the reasons for their rejection, and to determine the share of permanently and temporarily deferred VBD, especially due to low hemoglobin levels. The research was conducted in eastern Croatia in the 2014 to 2018 period. The study included 144,041 blood donations from a total of 80,418 VBDs, of which 83.3% of donations were from male VBDs and 16.7% from female VBDs. There were 11.46% of temporarily deferred and permanently rejected donors. Out of all temporarily deferred donors and possible reasons for deferral, the largest share of deferrals referred to a reduced hemoglobin level, which accounted for 54% in female VBD and 46% in male VBD. Female VBDs made up to one-third of total VBDs and account for one-sixth of total blood donations. Low hemoglobin was the most common reason for VBD deferral. Gender and age are related to blood hemoglobin levels in rejected and accepted donors. Female VBDs represent a potential reservoir for increasing the total number of VBDs