Susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria: implementation of cumulative antibiogram at hospital level

Empiric therapy should be modified according to local susceptibility data. This condition could not be satisfied for some pathogens, as anaerobes.Therefore, treatment of infections related to the anaerobic flora - e.g. gastrointestinal surgery - is based on presumptive ecology of site of the infection. The aim of the study was to arrange a local cumulative “antibiogram” to support empiric therapy of anaerobic infections, useful for surgical area.A systematic review of all bacterial identifications and susceptibility tests of anaerobic bacteria of inpatients, over eight year period, was performed. 255 non-duplicate strains were evaluated: 41 Gram positive and 214 Gram negative.Among genera, Bacteroides and Prevotella were the most represented. Over 75% of microorganisms derived from SSI specimens. It was observed high frequency of beta-lactamase producers (~81%). Chloramphenicol, imipenem, metronidazole, piperacillin-tazobactam (>95% S) showed to be the most effective antimicrobials, followed by amoxicillin-clavulanate and cefoxitin (80-90% S); clindamycin had poor effectiveness(~64% S). Our local data were similar with recognized European susceptibility of anaerobes

Genetic Characterization of a Fusarium Head Blight Resistance QTL from Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides

Qfhs.ndsu-3AS in wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. dicoccoides) is a major quantitative trait locus associated with type II resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB). It was mapped in a population obtained from durum wheat Langdon (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum) and disomic Langdon-T. dicoccoides 3A substitution lines. Langdon(Dic-3A)-10 showed better performance against Fusarium graminearum (Fg) infection than the Langdon variety. To identify the genes underpinning Qfhs.ndsu-3AS, we used RNA-Seq approach in Langdon(Dic-3A)-10 and Langdon at 72 h after inoculation. The reference genomes of Svevo and Zavitan representing ssp. durum and ssp. dicoccoides, respectively, were used in parallel to align the reads and identify the genes expressed during the infection. The size of the Qfhs.ndsu-3AS region spans about 24 Mb and contains about 1000 genes. Fourteen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mapped in the delimited region and considered candidates for resistance. Five of them combined a higher expression level in Langdon(Dic-3A)-10 and known function in defense response: three receptor protein kinases, one bZip transcription factor, and one protease inhibitor. The alignment of the reads to the two genomes also allowed the identification of 25 genes expressed but no-DEGs localized in the Qfhs.ndsu-3AS region. Their coding sequences contained 63 non-synonymous changes and one frameshift mutation that could alter the function of the proteins and eventually contribute to resistance against Fg. This list is valuable information towards understanding the mechanism involved in resistance conferred by Qfhs.ndsu-3AS.Fil: Soresi, Daniela Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; ArgentinaFil: Bagnaresi, Paolo. No especifíca;Fil: Crescente, Juan Manuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Córdoba. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Díaz, Marina Lucía. Universidad Nacional del Sur; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Cattivelli, Luigi. No especifíca;Fil: Vanzetti, Leonardo Sebastián. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Córdoba. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Carrera, Alicia. Universidad Nacional del Sur; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; Argentin

New resistance genes for leaf rust and powdery mildew derived from T. turgidum ssp. dicoccum

Trabajo presentado en el International Wheat Innovation Workshop, celebrado en Clermont-Ferrand (France) el 16 y 17 de noviembre de 2015.The tetraploid wheat relative Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum shows particular promises as a donor of useful genetic variation for several traits including disease resistances to be introgressed in cultivated wheat. The accession MG5323 of ssp. dicoccum, which showed useful level of resistance to leaf rust and powdery mildew diseases, was crossed with the susceptible durum wheat cultivar Latino. A total of 110 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were produced and a high resolution linkage map was developed based on the 90K Infinium (Illumina). The parents and RIL population were phenotyped using two Puccinia triticina (VMC03 and 12766) and one Blumeria graminis (O2) isolates. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis led to the identification of one major resistance gene conferring resistance to leaf rust on the short arm of chromosome 1B, explaining a total phenotypic variation ranging from 41.4 to 49.5%. Two additional minor resistance genes located on chromosome 7B explained a phenotypic variation ranging between 17.8 and 25.8%. For both QTLs the resistant allele was provided by MG5323. A significant positive epistatic effect was detected between QTLs , indicating that different QTLs contribute different degrees of resistance. Moreover, analys is of the leaf rust responses of the RILs demonstrated complementary actions between genes on chromosomes 1B and 7B. Analysis of powdery mildew resistance identified a single dominant gene on the short arm of chromosome 2B explaining 78.7% of total phenotypic variation. MG5323 provided the resistant allele at the QTL. A fine mapping approach of the major genes for both diseases was undertaken by developing a large F2-based high resolution mapping population and the flanking and peak markers were used to select a number of recombinant lines that are currently under phenotypic evaluation. The closest linked markers have been converted into PCR-based markers and are suitable for marker assisted selection (MAS) in resistance breeding.N

Survival of Yogurt Bacteria in the Human Gut

Whether Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus can be recovered after passage through the human gut was tested by feeding 20 healthy volunteers commercial yogurt. Yogurt bacteria were found in human feces, suggesting that they can survive transit in the gastrointestinal tract