Relecture et appropriation de Charles Fourier par le surréalisme. 1945-1965

National audienceno abstrac

Associations between artificially-sweetened carbonated and non-carbonated soft drink consumption during pregnancy and self-reported ever child allergic rhinitis in the Danish National Birth Cohort.

*<p>Adjusted for maternal age, smoking, parity, prepregnancy BMI, physical activity, breastfeeding, socioeconomic position, child sex, maternal history of asthma, maternal history of allergies, paternal history of asthma, paternal history of allergies, and energy (in quintiles).</p>**<p>Median values (0, 0.5, 3.5, and 7) for each intake group entered as a continuous variable into the model.</p

Participants in the Aarhus Birth Cohort distributed by maternal characteristics, fish intake in gestation week 16 and cardiovascular disease (CVD) (N = 7429).

a<p>% (columns) of women distributed by covariate/covariate within level of exposure or outcome.</p>b<p>Two-sided <i>p</i>-value from χ2-test for measure of association.</p>c<p>% (columns) of women within fish intake group.</p

Age-standardized covariate distribution across categories of maternal consumption of artificially-sweetened carbonated soft drinks during pregnancy, N = 60,465.

<p>Values are standardized to the age distribution of the study population.</p>*<p>Value not age-adjusted.</p>1<p>Total may be </p

Hazard ratios (HRs) for risk of cardiovascular disease according to fish intake among 7429 women in the Aarhus Birth Cohort.

<p>HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.</p>a<p>Adjusted for smoking, alcohol intake, parity, cohabitant status, school, education and prepregnant body mass index.</p>b<p>Over-all χ2-test of effects.</p>c<p>Test for trend.</p

Hazard ratios (HRs) for risk of cardiovascular disease according to fish intake among 650 women in the Aarhus Birth Cohort, who consistently reported the same fish intake in 1st and 2nd trimester.

<p>HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.</p>a<p>Adjusted for smoking, alcohol intake, parity, cohabitant status, school, education and prepregnant body mass index.</p>b<p>Over-all χ2-test of effects.</p>c<p>Test for trend.</p

The estimated proportion of women in antidepressant treatment by number of months since the initiation of treatment for a postpartum episode of affective disorder (AD).

<p>Primiparous Danish women with a postpartum AD, 1996–2013, with no prior psychiatric disorders.</p

Risk of postpartum affective disorder (AD)—Distribution of number of births, women with prior history of postpartum AD, and postpartum AD episodes according to parity, year of birth, and age.

<p>Risk of postpartum affective disorder (AD)—Distribution of number of births, women with prior history of postpartum AD, and postpartum AD episodes according to parity, year of birth, and age.</p

Risk, treatment duration, and recurrence risk of postpartum affective disorder in women with no prior psychiatric history: A population-based cohort study

<div><p>Background</p><p>Some 5%–15% of all women experience postpartum depression (PPD), which for many is their first psychiatric disorder. The purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence of postpartum affective disorder (AD), duration of treatment, and rate of subsequent postpartum AD and other affective episodes in a nationwide cohort of women with no prior psychiatric history.</p><p>Methods and findings</p><p>Linking information from several Danish national registers, we constructed a cohort of 457,317 primiparous mothers with first birth (and subsequent births) from 1 January 1996 to 31 December 2013 (a total of 789,068 births) and no prior psychiatric hospital contacts and/or use of antidepressants. These women were followed from 1 January 1996 to 31 December 2014. Postpartum AD was defined as use of antidepressants and/or hospital contact for PPD within 6 months after childbirth. The main outcome measures were risk of postpartum AD, duration of treatment, and recurrence risk. We observed 4,550 (0.6%) postpartum episodes of AD. The analyses of treatment duration showed that 1 year after the initiation of treatment for their first episode, 27.9% of women were still in treatment; after 4 years, 5.4%. The recurrence risk of postpartum AD for women with a PPD hospital contact after first birth was 55.4 per 100 person-years; for women with postpartum antidepressant medication after first birth, it was 35.0 per 100 person-years. The rate of postpartum AD after second birth for women with no history of postpartum AD was 1.2 per 100 person-years. After adjusting for year of birth and mother’s age, women with PPD hospital contact after first birth had a 46.4 times higher rate (95% CI 31.5–68.4) and women with postpartum antidepressant medication after their first birth had a 26.9 times higher rate (95% CI 21.9–33.2) of a recurrent postpartum episode after their second birth compared to women with no postpartum AD history. Limitations include the use of registry data to identify cases and limited confounder control.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>In this study, an episode of postpartum AD was observed for 0.6% of childbirths among women with no prior psychiatric history. The observed episodes were characterized by a relatively short treatment duration, yet the women had a notably high rate of later AD and recurrent episodes of postpartum AD. The recurrence risk of postpartum AD was markedly higher among women with PPD hospital contact after first birth compared to women with postpartum antidepressant medication after first birth. Our results underline the necessity of measures targeted at specific vulnerable groups, such as women who experience PPD as a first psychiatric episode.</p></div

Rates of non-postpartum and postpartum affective disorder (AD), depending on postpartum AD history.

<p>Left: First-birth rates of non-postpartum (light grey) AD, depending on postpartum AD history. Right: Second-birth rates of postpartum (dark grey) and non-postpartum (after first 6 months, light grey) AD by number of years since second birth and the women’s history of postpartum AD after first birth. Danish women, 1996–2013, with no psychiatric disorders prior to first birth. pyrs, person-years.</p