Detrimental effect of quercetin on phytoplasma-infected Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don shoots grown in vitro

Quercetin is known to possess antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. The activity of this flavonoid against phytoplasmas, non-cultivable plant pathogenic bacteria that cause numerous plant diseases, has never been examined before. The aim of this research was to examine the effect of different concentrations of quercetin (10 mM, 100 mM and 1 mM) on \u27Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris\u27 and on phytoplasma- nfected periwinkle shoots grown in vitro. The addition of quercetin neither supported the growth of the shoots nor induced the remission of symptoms in the infected plants. On the contrary,addition of quercetin induced browning of leaves and the appearance of black spots on the leaves of treated infected and non-infected shoots. It also had no curative effect against the pathogen. Phytoplasma presence was confirmed by nested PCR in infected shoots treatedwith quercetin through three subcultures

Response of dihaploid tobacco roots to salt stress

Salinity is a common abiotic factor that affects plant growth and development. Seedlings of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) F1 hybrid DH10 and three dihaploid lines (207B, 238C and 239K) obtained by diploidization of anther-derived haploids of hybrid DH10 were subjected to 0, 100 and 200 mM NaCl in in vitro conditions for 33 days and the effect on roots was evaluated. In all lines and in the hybrid DH10 exposed to 200 mM NaCl evident root growth inhibition and increased proline content were noticed. However, in some cases lines differed in the activity of antioxidative enzymes, which could account for differences in their salinity tolerance. Increased activity of catalase and peroxidase in roots of line 239K could contribute to the more pronounced salinity tolerance previously reported for shoots of this line

Sindrom sustavnoga upalnoga odgovora i sindrom višestrukog zatajivanja organa u pasa s babeziozom

Canine babesiosis caused by Babesia canis canis is one of the commonest canine diseases in Croatia, especially in the area of capital city, Zagreb. Babesiosis is a multi-system disease and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) develops from systemic inflfl ammatory response syndrome (SIRS), which is a hallmark of babesiosis. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to conduct detailed research of the incidence of SIRS and MODS as well as organ systems involvement in a large number of dogs naturally infected with B. canis canis in Croatia. Out of 332 dogs with canine babesiosis, 226 dogs (68 percent) fulfilled the SIRS criteria and were considered as SIRS positive. Among them 151 dogs (67%) fulfilled two SIRS criteria, 66 dogs (29%) fulfilled three criteria and only 9 dogs (4%) fulfilled all four SIRS criteria. Thirty-three dogs (10%) fulfilled the MODS criteria. Among them 22 dogs (66%) had two organ involvement, 10 dogs (31%) had three organ involvement and in only 1 dog (3%) four organ dysfunction was present. The incidence of organ involvement in MODS was as follows: renal dysfunction (30/33), liver dysfunction (20/33), muscle involvement (19/33), lung dysfunction (16/33), cerebral involvement (3/33). Among MODS positive dogs, 22 dogs died and 11 dogs survived babesiosis. In dogs with two organ involvement, survival was 45%, in dogs with three organ involvement survival was 10%, while in the group with four organ dysfunction mortality was 100%. It can be concluded that in cases of canine babesiosis caused by B. canis canis, in which MODS developed, an unfavourable outcome should be taken into consideration.Babezioza uzrokovana praživotinjom Babesia canis canis jedna je od najčešćih bolesti pasa u Hrvatskoj, osobito u području oko glavnoga grada Zagreba. Babezioza je bolest koja zahvaća više organskih sustava, a sindrom višestrukoga zatajenja organa (engl. multiple organ dysfunction syndrome) razvija se iz sindroma sustavnog upalnog odgovora (engl. systemic infl ammatory response syndrome), koji je karakterističan za babeziozu. Cilj ovoga rada bio je proučiti pojavnost sindroma sustavnog upalnog odgovora i sindroma višestrukoga zatajenja organa na velikom broju pasa koji boluju od babezioze, kao i učestalost zahvaćenosti pojedinih organskih sustava u sindromu višestrukoga zatajenja organa. Od 332 psa s potvrđenom babeziozom 226 pasa (68%) razvilo je sindrom sustavnog upalnog odgovora. Od njih je 151 pas (67%) ispunio 2 kriterija, 66 pasa (29%) ispunilo je 3 kriterija, dok su u 9 pasa (4%) bila ispunjena sva četiri kriterija. Trideset i tri psa ispunila su kriterije za sindrom višestrukoga zatajenja organa. Od njih su 22 psa (66%) imala zahvaćena po dva organska sustava, 10 pasa (31%) imalo je zahvaćena tri organska sustava, dok je samo 1 pas (3%) imao zahvaćena četiri organska sustava. Najčešće zahvaćeni organski sustavi u sindromu višestrukoga zatajenja organa bili su: uropoetski sustav (30/33), jetra (20/33), mišićje (19/33), dišni sustav (16/33) i središnji živčani sustav (3/33). Od pasa koji su razvili sindrom višestrukoga zatajenja organa 22 su uginula dok ih je 11 preživjelo babeziozu. Preživljavanje pasa u kojih su bila zahvaćena 2 organska sustava bilo je 45%, sa zahvaćena 3 organska sustava bilo je 10%, dok je smrtnost sa zahvaćena 4 organska sustava iznosila 100%. Na temelju rezultata se može zaključiti da je razvoj sindroma višestrukoga zatajenja organa u babeziozi pasa prognostički značajan i da u slučaju da se sindrom razvije raste i vjerojatnost nepovoljnog ishoda

Acido-bazni status u pasa oboljelih od babezioze uzrokovane vrstom Babesia canis

Acid-base disturbances have been reported in severe canine babesiosis caused by Babesia rossi (B. rossi), but they have not been studied in babesiosis caused by B. canis. The objective of this study was to determine the acid-base status, blood gases and electrolyte concentrations in naturally occurring canine babesiosis caused by B. canis, and to compare the results to those in healthy dogs. Two groups of animals were used: group 1 consisted of 10 healthy dogs, and group 2 consisted of 14 dogs naturally infected with B. canis. The following acid-base disturbances occurred in the dogs with naturally occurring babesiosis: half of the dogs had a mixed acid-base disorder, and the other half a simple acid-base disorder. The most common mixed disorder was metabolic acidosis with metabolic alkalosis. It may be said that a variety of acid-base disorders occurs in canine babesiosis. The dogs in the present study had metabolic acidosis due to hyperlactemia and hyperchloremia, metabolic alkalosis due to hypochloremia and hypoalbuminemia, and respiratory alkalosis due to hypoxemia. With the use of the strong-ion difference approach clearer recognition of mixed acid-base disorders and their better understanding is possible.Poremećaji acido-baznog statusa opisani su u pasa oboljelih od babezioze uzrokovane vrstom Babesia rossi (B. rossi), no nisu istraživani u slučajevima babezioze u pasa uzrokovane vrstom B. canis. Cilj je istraživanja bio utvrditi acido-bazni status u pasa oboljelih od babezioze uzrokovane vrstom B. canis. U istraživanju su korištene dvije skupine životinja: prvu skupinu činilo je deset zdravih pasa, dok je drugu skupino činilo 14 pasa oboljelih od babezioze. U pasa prirodno inficiranih vrstom B. canis pojavili su se sljedeći poremećaji acido-bazne ravnoteže: polovica pasa imala je mješoviti poremećaj acido-bazne ravnoteže, dok je druga polovica imala jednostavni poremećaj acido-bazne ravnoteže. Najčešći mješoviti poremećaj bila je metabolička acidoza s metaboličkom alkalozom. Uzroci metaboličke acidoze bili su hiperlaktemija i hiperkloremija, metaboličke alkaloze hipokloremija i hipoalbuminemija, a respiratorne alkaloze hipoksemija. Zaključno se može reći da psi oboljeli od babezioze uzrokovane vrstom B. canis razvijaju poremećaj acido-baznog statusa te da se na temelju razlike jakih iona mješoviti poremećaji acido-bazne ravnoteže mogu jasnije razlikovati i bolje razumjeti

Unilateralna ureteralna opstrukcija u tvora - prikaz slučaja.

A four-year old castrated male ferret (Mustela putorius furo) was presented with a 1-week history of gastrointestinal signs. The ultrasonographic findings showed mild right pelvic dilatation and hydroureter with obstruction at the ureterovesical junction. Conservative treatment resulted in clinical but no ultrasonography improvement. Three months later the ferret was presented with signs of gastrointestinal disease. Ultrasonography revealed progression of the process to mild hydronephrosis and further dilatation of the right ureter. Excretory urography confirmed the finding. Laboratory findings indicated renal failure with proteinuria. Ureteroneocystotomy was performed. A small amount of sludgy material was found at the ureteropelvic junction. The ferret died 4 months later due to pneumonia. Necropsy revealed multifocal tubulointerstitial lymphoplasmacytic nephritis.Četverogodišnji kastrirani muški tvor (Mustela putorius furo) doveden je na kliniku zbog gastrointestinalnih simptoma. Ultrazvučni nalaz pokazao je blagu dilataciju desne bubrežne zdjelice i hidroureter s opstrukcijom na razini ureterovezikalnog spoja. Provedeno je konzervativno liječenje koje je dovelo do kliničkog poboljšanja, ali ne i do poboljšanja nalaza dobiveno ultrazvukom. Nakon tri mjeseca tvor je ponovno doveden na kliniku zbog općih znakova bolesti. Pri ponovljenoj ultrazvučnoj pretrazi utvrđena je progresija procesa u blagu hidronefrozu i izraženiju dilataciju desnog uretera. Dijagnoza je potvrđena i ekskrecijskom urografijom. Laboratorijski su nalazi jednoznačno upućivali na zatajenje bubrega s proteinurijom. Da bi se spriječila daljnja oštećenja desnoga bubrega učinjena je ureteroneocistotomija. Na mjestu opstrukcije pronađena je mala količina gustoga muljavog materijala. Tvor je otpušten na kućnu njegu, a četiri mjeseca poslije uginuo je od upale pluća. Patohistološki je nalaz utvrdio multifokani tubulointersticijski limfoplazmacitni nefritis

A zonation and biomass study of intertidal flora and fauna in an area of Boiler Bay

Keywords: Zoo451; Boiler Bay; Zonation; Phyllospodix scouleri; Hedophyllum sessile; Endocladia muricata; Mytilus californianus; Odonthalia floccosa; Porphyra perforata; Bossiella; Balanus glandula; Balanus cariosus; Chthamalus dalli; Gigartina papillata; Pollicipes polymerus; Fucus distichus; Pelvetiopsis limitata; Pisaster ochraceus; Iridaea linearis; Ulva; Halosaccion glandiforme; Katharina tunicata; Spongomorpha; Iridaea cornucopiae; Anthopleura xanthogrammica; Tealia crassicornis; Idotea wosnesenskii; Pugettia producta; Pagurus hirsutiusculus; Petrolisthes; Cryptochiton stelleri; Tonicella lineata; Collisella digitalis; Collisella pelta; Nucella canaliculata; Nucella emarginata; Nucella lamellosa; Littorina scutulata; Archidoris montereyensis; Diaulula sandiegensis; Pycnopodia helianthoides; Cucumaria piperata; Eupentacta quinquesemita; Strengylocentrotus; Phyllospadix scouleri; Strongylocentrotus purpuratus; Strongylocentrotus franciscanus purpuratus; Strengylocentrotus franciscanus; Cryptochiton stelleri; Endocladia muricata; Cladophora hemisphaerica; Prasiola meridionatis; Botryoglossum farlowianum; Iridaea cornucopiae; Halymeni

Statistical approach to a comparative study of macrofauna composition and distribution of three beaches in Newport, Oregon area

Keywords: Zoo451; Amphipods; Amphitrite; Archaeomysis grebnitzkii; Archaeomysis maculata; Cancer; Carinoma mutabilis; Cerebratulus californiensis; Cirolana kincaidi; Cistenides brevicoma; Composition; Cryptomya californica; Distribution; Enteromorpha; Eohastorius; Euhastorius; Euzonus mucronata; Excirolana kincaidi; Gammaridae; Gammaridae; Glycinde armigera; Gommardae; Lacuna variegata; Limpets; Macoma balthica; Macoma nasuta; Macoma; Macrofauna; Mediomastus californiensis; Nemaioea; Nematoda; Nemertea; Nemertina; Nemertinea; Nemertinea; Nemertini; Nemortinea; Oregon State Marine Science Center; Paranemertes peregrina; Phoronis pallida; Pinnixa longipes; Polychaete; Polynoidae; Polysiphonia; proboscis worms; Rhynchocoela; Rhynchospio arenicola; ribbon worms; Sally's Bend; Shrimp; South beach; South Beach Oregon; Tanais; Ulva; Zostera

Strana tijela u jednjaku i želucu pasa: učestalost, čimbenici rizika i uspješnost endoskopskog vađenja

Esophageal and gastric foreign bodies (FB) are a relatively common finding in dogs, and in certain cases can also be life threatening. Endoscopic removal of esophageal and gastric FB is the preferred treatment option. This retrospective study evaluated the medical records of 100 dogs that had undergone endoscopic removal of esophageal or gastric FB. The information obtained from the medical records included: age, breed, sex, duration and type of clinical signs, the type and location of the foreign body, the success of endoscopic removal, and short-term complications and outcome. The majority of esophageal FB were bones, while the most common type of gastric FB were toys. Even though the overall complication rate is low, in dogs with esophageal FB the development of complications is associated with the longer duration of clinical signs, whilst in gastric FB a higher rate of complications is associated with FB migration.Ezofagealna i želučana strana tijela česta su u pasa i mogu biti opasna za život. Endoskopsko uklanjanje stranih tijela iz jednjaka i želuca preporučena je i manje invazivna metoda liječenja, ali nije bez rizika. Ovim su retrospektivnim istraživanjem obuhvaćeni arhivski podaci 100 pasa iz ambulantnog protokola, koji su podvrgnuti endoskopskom uklanjanju stranog tijela iz jednjaka ili želuca. Obrađeni podaci uključivali su dob, pasminu, spol, trajanje i vrstu kliničkih znakova, tip i lokaciju stranog tijela, uspješnost endoskopskog uklanjanja, kratkotrajne komplikacije i ishod. Najčešća su strana tijela u jednjaku bile kosti, dok su u želucu to bile igračke. U pasa u kojih je zabilježeno dulje trajanje simptoma, utvrđena je veća vjerojatnost za pojavu komplikacija. Iako je ukupna pojavnost komplikacija niska, mogu se razviti potencijalno životno ugrožavajuće komplikacije, osobito u prolongiranim i neliječenim slučajevima stranog tijela u jednjaku, odnosno u slučajevima kada je strano tijelo u želucu oštar predmet sklon perforaciji