初発統合失調症および精神病ハイリスク者のガンマ帯域聴性定常反応の検討

学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : (主査)東京大学教授 齊藤 延人, 東京大学教授 山岨 達也, 東京大学講師 寺尾 安生, 東京大学教授 狩野 方伸, 東京大学講師 湯本 真人University of Tokyo(東京大学

Efficacy and Complications of Emergent Transcatheter Arterial Embolization for the Management of Intractable Uterine Bleeding

Objective：Transcatheter arterial embolization（TAE）, including uterine artery embolization（UAE）, is effective for the management of obstetric and gynecologic hemorrhage. Some adverse effects have been reported with TAE, such as amenorrhea, endometrial trauma, and subsequent infertility. Herein we report the efficacy and complications of emergent TAE for the management of severe intractable uterine bleeding at our institute.Methods：From 2010 to 2019, thirty-eight patients underwent emergent TAE for intractable uterine bleeding. We evaluated the efficacy and complications of TAE, including a change in menstruation, fertility, and pregnancy outcomes in perinatal patients（group A；n＝23）, and in patients with gynecologic hemorrhage（group B；n＝15）.Results：In group A, 7 cases of retained placenta, 4 cases of postpartum hemorrhage, 2 cases of placenta accrete, 2 cases of uterine artery pseudoaneurysm, 2 cases of cervical pregnancy, 1 case of cesarean scar pregnancy, and 5 cases of unexplained hemorrhage were included. The median age of the group A was 37. In group B, 4 cases of uterine artery pseudoaneurysm, 2 cases of uterine arteriovenous malformation, 3 cases of uterine fibroids, 1case of adenomyosis, and 5 cases of unexplained hemorrhage were included. The median age of the group B was 39. The first attempt at TAE successfully controlled hemorrhage in 33 of 38 patients （86.8％）without major complications, and the remaining 5 patients required an additional attempt at TAE to control hemorrhage. One patient（2.6％）had transient buttock pain and foot ischemia. Among the 33 patients who had adequate follow-up care, all patients resumed regular menstruation. The median time to resume regular menstruation after TAE was 3 months （range, 1-13 months）in group A（n＝20）and 1 month（range, 1-6 months）in group B（n＝13）. Four of patients had 6 pregnancies in total：3 full-term live births, 2 missed abortions, and 1 artificial abortion. Among the 13 patients who desired pregnancy, 3（23％）conceived spontaneously.Conclusions：This retrospective study showed that emergent TAE may be effective and safe in treating intractable uterine bleeding with a high success rate. Ovarian and endometrial function were preserved based on the relatively early return of menstruation. Further prospective investigations with large number of patients are needed to confirm the preservation of ovarian function, fertility, and pregnancy outcome in reproductive-aged women

Sonographic Detection of Subcutaneous Foreign Bodies in 3 Cases

Subcutaneous masses caused by foreign bodies are frequently encountered in daily practice. Although the majority of foreign bodies such as metals can be detected by radiography, substances such as vegetative materials or wood are difficult to detect. To our knowledge, only a few studies have described the sonographic characteristics of foreign bodies. Herein, we report 3 cases where we studied the sonographic characteristics of the foreign bodies in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Our results revealed the following 3 foreign bodies: (1) glass, (2) vegetative material, and (3) a pencil core. Thus, sonographic examination is useful for the detection of foreign bodies

キャラクターイラストレーション領域の概念整理と方法論確立のための基礎研究

まんが表現における作画技術教育の前提として必要なのは、まんが表現史的な視点である。手塚治虫系のキャラクター表現に関しては、田河水泡とディズニーの作画方法を構成主義的に解釈した「ミッキーの書式」に基づくことが指摘されているが、本報告では少女まんが領域における「ミュシャの書式」（すなわちヨーロッパの19世紀末から、アール・ヌーヴォー、アール・デコなどの挿絵や広告画の援用・解釈に基づく「書式」）の所在について仮説的に述べる。1901年、与謝野晶子『みだれ髪』の表紙に藤島武二がミュシャふうの意匠を採用し、近代女性文学における「私」と「ミュシャ」的表象が結びつく。そして1970年代に少女まんが領域で「内面の発見」がなされた時、それを主導したいわゆる「24年組」によって再度「ミュシャの書式」が再受容された。「ミュシャの書式」は一見、キャラクター的、非歴史的に見えながら、日本近代の少女まんがを含む女性表現では近代的自我や身体性、政治性を包摂しうる表象として出発し、「24年組」の背後にある近代史的文脈を理解することはまんが教育として重要である。Perspectives based on knowledge of the history of manga expressions are essential for learning manga drawing techniques. It has been pointed out, for instance, that manga characters in the Osamu Tezuka vein are based on the “Mickey\u27s format” which was a Constructivist reinterpretation of the drawing methods of Suiho Tagawa and Walt Disney. This report discusses the hypothesis that an “Alphonse Mucha format” (based on the influences and reinterpretations of Art Nouveau, Art Deco and other late-19th century illustrations and advertising art) exists within the shojo manga genre. In 1901, Takeji Fujishima adopted a Mucha-esque design for the cover of Midaregami (Tangled Hair) by Akiko Yosano, bringing together for the first time the Mucha-like image and the “notion of self” in modern Japanese women’s literature. In the 1970s the Alphonse Mucha format was adopted again, this time by the Year 24 Group of shojo manga artists, who spearheaded the “exploration of the inner self” in shojo manga stories. At first glance the Alphonse Mucha format seems ahistorical and to concern only the external appearance of manga characters. However, within modern Japanese female expressions including shojo manga, the Alphonse Mucha format originated as imagery capable of suggesting the modern ego, physicality, and political nature, and as such, understanding the modern historical context of the Year 24 Group bears significance to manga education

看護学生の学科志望動機,人生の意味・目的意識,性格特性の関連について : PILとTEGの分析を通して

職業意識や人生の意味・目的意識がある程度はっきりした看護学生に対しての適切な教育を考える手がかりとして,本学看護学科の学生に学科の志望動機を調査する質問紙,PIL,TEGを実施した。その結果,志望動機に関して,「資格」「社会貢献」「適性」「夢・憧れ」「将来展望」「家族」「能動」の7因子を抽出した。動機得点とPIL得点の平均値の学年間比較では,1年生が2・3年生に比べて有意に高く,社会貢献,適性,将来展望という主観的要素が強く影響する因子が1年生で有意に高かった。このことから,看護職に対する1年生の現実認識の甘さと,2・3年生では,それが修正されていることが推測された。一方,夢・憧れ,能動といった因子は学年間で差がなく,これらは修正されることなく持ち続けると考えられた。また,全体の志望動機得点とPIL得点の合計には相関が認められ,性格特性としては,NPが高いことが看護学生の特徴として示された。We researched motives for course selection, purpose-in-life and personality traits of nursing students whom we assumed to have vocational intentions and a clear purpose-in-life. We found seven factors of motives for course selection by factor analysis. These factors include "RN license", "contribution to society", "vocational aptitude", "dream and yearning to be a nurse", "future perspective", "family" and "activity". The scores of motives for course selection and the purpose-in-life test given to the first year students were significantly higher than those of other students. On the factors of "contribution to society", "vocational aptitude" and "future perspective", the first year students again got higher points than other students. As the results, we may assume that the first year students still have optimistic dreams about their profession, whereas the second and third year students may have adjusted to their optimistic dreams in future. On the other hand, there are no differences in the sores of "dream and yearning" factors among the three grades of students. The scores of motives for course selection and PIL show a positive correlation The means average score for NP was the highest in the TEG profile

The whole blood transcriptional regulation landscape in 465 COVID-19 infected samples from Japan COVID-19 Task Force

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19患者由来の血液細胞における遺伝子発現の網羅的解析 --重症度に応じた遺伝子発現の変化には、ヒトゲノム配列の個人差が影響する--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-23.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recently-emerged infectious disease that has caused millions of deaths, where comprehensive understanding of disease mechanisms is still unestablished. In particular, studies of gene expression dynamics and regulation landscape in COVID-19 infected individuals are limited. Here, we report on a thorough analysis of whole blood RNA-seq data from 465 genotyped samples from the Japan COVID-19 Task Force, including 359 severe and 106 non-severe COVID-19 cases. We discover 1169 putative causal expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) including 34 possible colocalizations with biobank fine-mapping results of hematopoietic traits in a Japanese population, 1549 putative causal splice QTLs (sQTLs; e.g. two independent sQTLs at TOR1AIP1), as well as biologically interpretable trans-eQTL examples (e.g., REST and STING1), all fine-mapped at single variant resolution. We perform differential gene expression analysis to elucidate 198 genes with increased expression in severe COVID-19 cases and enriched for innate immune-related functions. Finally, we evaluate the limited but non-zero effect of COVID-19 phenotype on eQTL discovery, and highlight the presence of COVID-19 severity-interaction eQTLs (ieQTLs; e.g., CLEC4C and MYBL2). Our study provides a comprehensive catalog of whole blood regulatory variants in Japanese, as well as a reference for transcriptional landscapes in response to COVID-19 infection

DOCK2 is involved in the host genetics and biology of severe COVID-19

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19疾患感受性遺伝子DOCK2の重症化機序を解明 --アジア最大のバイオレポジトリーでCOVID-19の治療標的を発見--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-10.Identifying the host genetic factors underlying severe COVID-19 is an emerging challenge. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 2, 393 cases of COVID-19 in a cohort of Japanese individuals collected during the initial waves of the pandemic, with 3, 289 unaffected controls. We identified a variant on chromosome 5 at 5q35 (rs60200309-A), close to the dedicator of cytokinesis 2 gene (DOCK2), which was associated with severe COVID-19 in patients less than 65 years of age. This risk allele was prevalent in East Asian individuals but rare in Europeans, highlighting the value of genome-wide association studies in non-European populations. RNA-sequencing analysis of 473 bulk peripheral blood samples identified decreased expression of DOCK2 associated with the risk allele in these younger patients. DOCK2 expression was suppressed in patients with severe cases of COVID-19. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis (n = 61 individuals) identified cell-type-specific downregulation of DOCK2 and a COVID-19-specific decreasing effect of the risk allele on DOCK2 expression in non-classical monocytes. Immunohistochemistry of lung specimens from patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia showed suppressed DOCK2 expression. Moreover, inhibition of DOCK2 function with CPYPP increased the severity of pneumonia in a Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by weight loss, lung oedema, enhanced viral loads, impaired macrophage recruitment and dysregulated type I interferon responses. We conclude that DOCK2 has an important role in the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe COVID-19, and could be further explored as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target

Design and development of a standardized Mitsubishi PLC program troubleshooting and repair training manual for machine maintenance personnel at TTAI

Includes bibliographical references