Kroonilise tonsilliidi patogeneesi uuringud kui alus tonsillektoomia objektiivsete kriteeriumite leidmiseks

Kroonilise tonsilliidi (KT) ägenemiste sagedust aastas tonsillektoomia näidustusena on täiskasvanute puhul peetud vähe usaldusväärseks. Käesolevas töös uuriti, milliseid anamnestilisi andmeid, neelupiirkonna vaatluse tunnuseid ja laboratoorsete uuringute tulemusi võtavad kõrva-nina-kurguarstid arvesse KTga täiskasvanute suunamisel tonsillektoomiale. Eesti Arst 2005; 84 (8): 531–54

Inimese mikrobioota biopank Tartu Ülikoolis

Eesti Arst 2018; 97(3):170–17

Suuõõne mikroobiökoloogia kroonilise parodontiidi puhul

Krooniline parodontiit on hammast ümbritsevate kudede põletik, mille tähtsamaks tekkepõhjuseks peetakse peamiselt hambakatus paiknevaid gramnegatiivseid anaeroobseid mikroorganisme, samas ei ole võimalik esile tuua ühte kindlat haigustekitajat. Arvatakse, et igemealuse keskkonna muutumine tingib mikrofloora tasakaalu häirumise, kuid ei ole teada, missugused mikroobigrupid on sellesse protsessi haaratud. Töös on võrreldud kroonilist parodontiiti põdevate ja tervete isikute igemealust mikrofloorat ning hinnatud kariogeensete mikroorganismide olemasolu ja hulka süljes võrrelduna vastavate kliiniliste näitajatega

Eradication of Salmonella Typhimurium infection in a murine model of typhoid fever with the combination of probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum ME-3 and ofloxacin

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The aim of the study was to detect whether in experimental <it>Salmonella enterica </it>Typhimurium infection the probiotic <it>Lactobacillus fermentum </it>ME-3 in combination with fluoroquinolone therapy would eradicate <it>S. </it>Typhimurium, prevent the development of liver and spleen granulomas and improve the indices of oxidative stress in the ileum mucosa.</p> <p>The selected bacteriological, histological and biochemical methods were applied.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Combined treatment with <it>L. fermentum </it>ME-3 and ofloxacin eradicated <it>Salmonella </it>Typhimurium from blood, ileum and liver, decreased the number of animals with liver and spleen granulomas and reduced the value of lipid peroxides in the ileum mucosa. Higher total counts of intestinal lactobacilli in all experimental groups were associated with the absence of liver granulomas.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The antimicrobial and antioxidative probiotic <it>L. fermentum </it>ME-3 combined with ofloxacin enhances the eradication of experimental <it>S</it>. Typhimurium infection. These observations on probiotic and antimicrobial co-action may serve as basis to develop new strategies for treatment of invasive bacterial infections of the gut.</p

Helicobakter pylori avastamise lugu: kliinilised, immunoloogilised ja mikrobioloogilised aspektid. Eesti uurijate panus Nobeli preemiaga pärjatud uuringutesse. Discovery of H. Pylori: Clinical, Immunological and Microbiological Aspects. The Contribution of Estonian Scientists to Research That Was awarded a Nobel Prize

Discoveries that are directly able to change our understanding ofpathological mechanisms, prophylactics and the treatment of wide-spread human diseases deserve our undivided attention. Undoubtedly, the discovery of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) by Barry Marshall and Robin Warren in 1982, for which they were awarded the Nobel Prize in 2005, is one of these great breakthroughs. The Australian researchers showed that H. pylori bacteria cause most peptic ulcers, chronic gastritis and gastric cancer. The hypothesis about microbes that are able to damage gastric epithelium has been supported by clinical data, and new biotechnological and visualization methods.With the approval of this discovery scientists and specialistsfrom different branches of science began concomitant research that has yielded successful results in translational medicine. Researchers started epidemiological, microbiological and clinical studies of H. pylori immediately after the discovery of the bacteria in Estonia and the University of Tartu as well. A H. pylori research group that consisted of different specialists (gastroenterologists, surgeons, microbiologists, immunologists) from the University of Tartu Faculty of Medicine, Tartu University Hospital and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine (in Tallinn) was formed. In this field, 18 PhD theses have been defended.Professor Heidi-Ingrid Maaroos, a pioneer of H. pylori research inEstonia, was decorated with the Marshall &amp; Warren medal for herlong lasting research and development work in the field of gastrointestinal diseases and Helicobacter pylori on 27 September 2015 (she is the tenth researcher in the whole world who has been acknowledged like this up to now). The new approach to gastric diseases and the treatment of H. pylori infections allows to prevent the development of peptic ulcers and to reduce the risk of developing gastric cancer. The treatment of duodenal and gastric ulcers, previously known as unavoidably chronic diseases that are often exacerbated, is now effectiveand previous principles of treatment have been fully reviewed.Nowadays the management of H. pylori is approved and  recommend in diagnostic and treatment guides for the prevention and treatment of gastric diseases

Helicobacter pylori infektsioonide teaduspõhine diagnostika ja mikroobivastane ravi

Ülevaates on käsitletud Helicobacter pylori (HP) infektsioonide diagnoosimise ja ravi võimalusi ravile raskesti alluvatel haigetel. Artikkel on Eesti Arstis avaldatud ülevaate (1) edasiarendus vajaduste ja võimaluste kohta HP antibiootikumitundlikkuse selgitamisel Eestis. Artiklis on analüüsitud mõningaid Tartu Ülikoolis varem uuritud mõjureid HP infektsioonide patogeneesis, samuti kohalike patogeenide antibiootikumitundlikkuse profiili. Maastrichti konsensuslike raviskeemidega HP ravi ebaõnnestumise korral soovitame molekulaarselt määrata HP tüvede antibiootikumitundlikkuse ja kasutada probiootikume antibiootikumravi kõrvalmõjude vähendamiseks

The occurrence of antimicrobial resistance and class 1 integrons among commensal Escherichia coli isolates from infants and elderly persons

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The aim of our study was to compare the presence of the <it>intI1 </it>gene and its associations with the antibiotic resistance of commensal <it>Escherichia coli </it>strains in children with/without previous antibiotic treatments and elderly hospitalized/healthy individuals.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>One-hundred-and-fifteen intestinal <it>E. coli </it>strains were analyzed: 30 strains from 10 antibiotic-naive infants; 27 from 9 antibiotic-treated outpatient infants; 30 from 9 healthy elderly volunteers; and 28 from 9 hospitalized elderly patients. The MIC values of ampicillin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole were measured by E-test and <it>IntI1 </it>was detected by PCR.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Out of the 115 strains, 56 (49%) carried class 1 integron genes. Comparing persons without medical interventions, we found in antibiotic-naive children a significantly higher frequency of integron-bearing strains and MIC values than in healthy elderly persons (53% versus 17%; p < 0.01). Evaluating medical interventions, we found a higher resistance and frequency of integrons in strains from hospitalized elderly persons compared with non-hospitalized ones. Children treated with antibiotics had strains with higher MIC values (when compared with antibiotic-naive ones), but the integron-bearing in strains was similar. In most cases, the differences in resistance between the groups (integron-positive and negative strains separately) were higher than the differences between integron-positive and negative strains within the groups.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The prevalence of integrons in commensal <it>E. coli </it>strains in persons without previous medical intervention depended on age. The resistance of integron-carrying and non-carrying strains is more dependent on influencing factors (hospitalization and antibiotic administration) in particular groups than merely the presence or absence of integrons.</p

New insights into the impact of Lactobacillus population on host-bacteria metabolic interplay

We aimed at evaluating the association between intestinal Lactobacillus sp. composition and their metabolic activity with the host metabolism in adult and elderly individuals. Faecal and plasma metabolites were measured and correlated to the Lactobacillus species distribution in healthy Estonian cohorts of adult (n=16; 65 y). Total cholesterol, LDL, C-reactive protein and glycated hemoglobin were statistically higher in elderly, while platelets, white blood cells and urinary creatinine were higher in adults. Aging was associated with the presence of L. paracasei and L. plantarum and the absence of L. salivarius and L. helveticus. High levels of intestinal Lactobacillus sp. were positively associated with increased concentrations of faecal short chain fatty acids, lactate and essential amino acids. In adults, high red blood cell distribution width was positively associated with presence of L. helveticus and absence of L. ruminis. L. helveticus was correlated to lactate and butyrate in faecal waters. This indicates a strong relationship between the composition of the gut Lactobacillus sp. and host metabolism. Our results confirm that aging is associated with modulations of blood biomarkers and intestinal Lactobacillus species composition. We identified specific Lactobacillus contributions to gut metabolic environment and related those to blood biomarkers. Such associations may prove useful to decipher the biological mechanisms underlying host-gut microbial metabolic interactions in an ageing population

Antimicrobial effects in food and prevention of contamination in food industry

Microbial Contaminants and Contamination Routes in Food Industry - 1st Open Seminar arranged by SAFOODNET; Espoo; Finland; 22 January 2007 through 23 January 2007The most commonly recognized food-borne infections are caused by Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella spp. In the past 25 years, Listeria monocytogenes has become increasingly important as a food-associated pathogen. Though, an annual incidence of human listeriosis is between two and ten reported cases per million in EU countries. Because of its high case fatality rate, listeriosis ranks among the most frequent causes of death due to food-borne illness. L. monocytogenes and C. jejuni has been shown to adapt to different environmental stress factors, including disinfectants. Salmonella enteritidis, C. jejuni and L. monocytogenes may also form a biolfim which helps to survive in the environment. For that reason, the food industrial hygiene has become important to avoid contamination of raw food and food products with these pathogens