Analysis of Yield Components of F1 Hybrids of Crosses between Spring and Winter Wheat Types (Triticum aestivum L.)

F1 hybrids were produced using the German spring wheat variety Remus as a female parent and eight Croatian wheat varieties (six winter and two spring types) as male parents. The heterosis (MP-mid parent, BP-better parent) for five yield components was investigated in eight cross combinations. Data are based on field trial. All the combinations tested gave average heterosis (MP, BP) for 1000-grain weight (14.38%, 6.12%) and grain weight per spike (11.47%, 3.68%). The highest heterosis (MP, BP) was found for 1000-grain weight (35.27%, 28.42%) in the hybrid Remus/Sivka and for grain weight per spike (20. 45%, 19.1%) in the hybrid Remus/Dukat. These data showed that the spring wheat variety Remus could be used in cross combinations for improvement of yield through higher 1000-grain weight and grain weight per spike

EVALUATION OF GRAIN YIELD STRUCTURE OF WINTER WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) CULTIVARS AND LINES

Deset različitih genotipova ozime pšenice (sorti, linija) korišteno je za utvrđivanje genetske strukture uroda sjetvom u dvije gustoće (420 i 600 zrna/m2). Analizirani su urod i komponente uroda: broj klasova/m2, produkcija klasa i masa 1000 zrna. Najveći prosječni urod (prosjek dviju gustoća) ostvarila je linija ZgM1 (7.36 t/ha) i sorta Renan (7.32 t/ha), signifikantno manji urod ostvarili su: Banica (6.69 t/ha), Kuna (6.61 t/ha) i Žitarka (6.23 t/ha). Najmanji prosječni urod imala je sorta Soissons (5.38 t/ha). U obje gustoće sjetve najrodniji genotipovi bili su ZgM1 i Renan, a u rjeđoj sjetvi i Banica. Gustoća sjetve utjecala je na urod i komponente uroda. Povećanjem gustoće sjetve signifikantno se povećao urod (prosjek svih genotipova) za 4.77% i broj klasova/m2 za 12.29%, a smanjila se produkcija klasa za 9.19% i masa 1000 zrna za 4.21%. Genotipovi su pokazali tri različite strukture uroda zrna s obzirom na udio pojedine komponente: 1. struktura u kojoj najveći udio ima masa 1000 zrna, zatim produkcija klasa i broj klasova/m2, 2. struktura u kojoj najveći udio ima produkcija klasa, zatim masa 1000 zrna i broj klasova/m2 i 3. struktura u kojoj najveći udio ima broj klasova/m2, zatim masa 1000 zrna i produkcija klasa. Povećanjem gustoće sjetve svi genotipovi osim Banice i Patrie zadržali su specifičnu genetsku strukturu uroda. Poznavanje strukture uroda sorte važno je zbog primjene optimalne gustoće sjetve u kojoj će se postići sigurna, kvalitetna i ekonomična proizvodnja.Ten different genotypes of winter wheat (cultivars, lines) were used for determination of yield genetic structure after sowing in two densities (420 and 600 grains/m2). Yield and the following yield components were analysed: number of spikes/m2, grain weight/spike and 1000 grain weight. The highest mean yield (average of two densities) was found for line ZgM1 (7.36 t/ha) and cultivar Renan (7.32 t/ha), while significantly lower yield was found for cultivars Banica (6.69 t/ha), Kuna (6.61 t/ha) and Žitarka (6.23 t/ha). Cultivar Soissons (5.38 t/ha) had the lowest mean yield. Genotypes ZgM1 and Renan were the best yielding in both sowing densities and Banica only in lower sowing density. Sowing density influenced yield and yield components. Increased sowing density increased yield (average of all genotypes) by 4.77% and number of spikes/m2 by 12.29%, but decreased grain weight/spike by 9.19% and 1000 grain weight by 4.21%. Genotypes showed three different grain yield structures depending on contribution of a particular component: 1. the structure in which 1000 grain weight had the highest contribution to yield, followed by grain weight/spike and number of spikes/m2, 2. the structure in which grain weight/spike had the highest contribution to yield followed by 1000 grain weight and number of spikes/m2, 3. the structure in which number of spikes/m2 had the highest contribution to yield, followed by 1000 grain weight and grain weight/spike. By increasing sowing density, all genotypes except Banica and Patria kept their specific yield structure. Knowledge on yield structure of particular genotype is important in order to apply optimal sowing density in which safe, good quality and economical production will be achieved

Influence of Zeatin on Wheat Regeneration from Immature Embryos

Immature embryo culture of nine Croatian winter wheat genotypes were performed in order to determine the influence of zeatin, as an exogenous growth regulator, on regeneration capacity of callus and number of regenerated shoots. Immature embryos 0.5-1.5 mm in size were aseptically isolated and plated with the scutellum exposed on modified MS medium containing MS salts and vitamins supplemented with 2 mg/l 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and 30 g/l sucrose. For shoot initiation, calli were transferred on two different regeneration media: MSZ0 medium (MS salts and vitamins supplemented with 0.2 mg/l 2,4-D and 30 g/l sucrose) and MSZ5 medium (MS salts and vitamins supplemented with 0.2 mg/l 2,4-D, 5 mg/l zeatin and 30 g/l sucrose) and incubated at 26°C with 16/8 h light/dark photoperiod. Mean regeneration capacity of callus was higher on MSZ5 medium compared to MSZ0 medium (48.0% and 33.6% respectively). For all genotypes, except Lipa, regeneration capacity of callus was higher on MSZ5 medium. However, mean number of regenerated shoots was similar on MSZ5 compared to MSZ0 medium (1.6 and 1.3 respectively). The highest number of regenerated shoots per callus induced was found for genotype Žitarka (4.39), followed by genotypes Barbara (2.76), Lipa (2.61), line ZG1 (2.04) and Edita (1.67)

Inter-population emergence variability of weed species Abutilon theophrasti Med.

Većina korovnih vrsta ima inter-populacijsku varijabilnost koja se očituje u dormantnosti i uvjetima klijanja i nicanja. Poznavanje inter-populacijske varijabilnosti nužno je za razvoj prognoznih modela nicanja korova na temelju kojih se planiraju mjere borbe i racionalna primjena herbicida. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio utvrditi postotak i dinamiku nicanja te sumu toplinskih jedinica potrebnih za nicanje (STJ50) 12 različitih populacija korovne vrste Abutilon theophrasti Med (mračnjak). Poljski pokus proveden je tijekom 2013. godine na Pokušalištu Maksimir Sveučilišta u Zagrebu Agronomskog fakulteta. Pokus je postavljen po shemi slučajnog bloknog rasporeda u tri ponavljanja. Istraživano je nicanje 10 europskih i dvije američke populacije spomenute korovne vrste. Rezultati jednogodišnjeg istraživanja ukazuju na značajan utjecaj pedoklimatskih čimbenika na nicanje ove korovne vrste. Prosječno nicanje istraživanih populacija iznosilo je 15,2%. Utvrđene su signifikantne razlike u nicanju između istraživanih populacija mračnjaka. Najveće ukupno nicanje (23,7%-30,7%), najbrže nicanje (77 dana za prvi ponik) i najmanja suma toplinskih jedinica (273 TJ) potrebnih za nicanje 50% sjemenki utvrđeni su na hrvatskoj i američkim (Iowa i Minessota) populacijama mračnjaka. Rezultati potvrđuju postojanje inter-populacijske varijabilnosti te potrebu za dodatnim poljskim istraživanjima na vremenski i prostorno udaljenim lokalitetima.Most weed species have inter-population variability which is manifested by dormancy, germination and weeds emergence. Knowledge of interpopulation variability is necessary for the development of forecasting models of emergence which are the basis for rational application of herbicides. The aim of this study was to determine the total and dynamics of emergence and the growing degree days required for the emergence of 12 populations of the weed species Abutilon theophrasti Med. Field trial was set up in 2013. at Maksimir experimental station of University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture as complete randomized block design in 3 replicates. Treatments in experiments were 12 velvetleaf populations (10 from Europe and 2 from USA). Results suggested that pedoclimatic conditions can greatly affect emergence of researched weed species which was very low in average (15,21%). Nevertheless, significant differences were detected in emergence between the studied populations. The greatest total emergence (23.7-30.7%), the fastest dynamic of emergence (77 days for first emergence) and the lower GDD (273 degree days for emergence) were determined for USA populations and for population from Croatia. Results confirmed the inter-population variability of weed species Abutilon theophrasti and indicate the need for setting up field trials in different site-specific environments

Motivations Associated with Food Choices among Adults from Urban Setting

Motivation for food choices is one of the most important determinant of eating behavior, because it comes from within the person. The aim of this study was to observe food choice motivations and estimate differences in demographic and health characteristics towards food choice motives in the adult population (n = 675; 54% women, ≥18 years) from urban setting. Food choice motivations were assessed using an online questionnaire validated by the EATMOT project. Using K-Means cluster analysis, participants were divided into two clusters of six motivational categories for food choices. Regarding the most and least important motivations, participants in cluster 1 chose food based on emotional motivations, and in cluster 2, they chose based on environmental and political motivations. In addition, younger and obese individuals had more pronounced emotional motivations. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the need to address emotional motivations for healthier food choices among overweight and young people. In addition, the prevalence of health motivations and growing awareness of sustainability indicate a willingness to take actions that benefit personal health and the environment. Apart from providing education, it is society’s responsibility to create an environment that promotes the implementation of acquired knowledge and changes in dietary habits.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio