INFLUENCE OF ORGANIC FERTILIZATION ON YIELD, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF MAIZE KERNEL

Zbog sve većeg zanimanja za zaštitu okoliša, povećanje plodnosti tla, ali i zbog mogućnosti dodatnog zapošljavanja stanovništva ruralnih područja, na pokušalištu Visokog gospodarskog učilišta u Križevcima, provedeno je istraživanje o mogućnostima proizvodnje stočne hrane na principima ekološke poljoprivrede. Pokus je postavljen po slučajnom bloknom rasporedu u četiri ponavljanja. Veličina parcele svakoga gojidbenog tretmana iznosila je 70 m2, a tretmani su bili: I - kontrola (bez gnojidbe); II - mineralna gnojidba (200 kg ha-1 N, 150 kg ha-1 P2O5 i 300 kg ha-1 K2O); III - 10 t ha-1 komposta od goveđeg gnoja; IV - 10 t ha-1 komposta od konjskog gnoja; V - 10 t ha-1 komposta od separata svinjske gnojovke; VI - 6 t ha-1 komposta od pilećeg gnoja. Istraživanje je provedeno tijekom 2008. s hibridom kukuruza Pioneer PR38A24 FAO skupine 380. Najveći ostvareni prinos (14,95 t ha-1) i najveći sadržaj sirovih proteina (98,28 g kg-1) utvrđeni su kod tretmana II (mineralna gnojidba), dok su prinosi gojidbenih tretmana III – VI, kod kojih su primjenjivana organska gnojiva, manji za 23 – 32%, a sadržaj sirovih proteina za 13 – 36%. Nasuprot tome sadržaj sirovih masti, ME i NEL-a po kg suhe tvari najmanji su kod tretmana II (mineralna gnojidba), a značajno veći kod tretmana gdje su korištena organska gnojiva različitog podrijetla. Analizom varijance utvrđeno je da između svih prosječnih analitičkih parametara postoje statistički značajne razlike na 5%-tnoj razini (P<0,05), dok su razlike na 1%-tnoj razini (P<0,01) utvrđene kod ostvarenoga prinosa i sadržaja sirovoga proteina te NEL-a. Za zaključiti je da se u ekološkoj proizvodnji i gnojidbom samo organskim gnojivima, neovisno o njihovom podrijetlu, postižu nešto niži prinosi po jedinici površine, međutim zbog pozitivnog učinka organske tvari u tlu, koristi će biti puno veće.Following the increased interest in environment protection and increase in the soil fertility, as well as the possibility for additional employment of the inhabitants in the rural area, a research into the possibilities to produce animal feedstuffs was conducted on the experimental field of the College of Agriculture at Križevci. The experiment was set in a randomized block scheme with four repetitions. The size of the plot for each fertilization treatment was 70 sq m. The treatments were the following: I-control (no fertilization), II- mineral fertilizers (200 kg ha-1 N, 150 kg ha-1 P2O5 and 300 kg ha-1 K2O), III – 10 t ha-1 cow manure compost, VI - 10 t ha-1 horse manure compost; V - 10 t ha-1 composted pig slurry, VI – 6 t ha-1 composted poultry manure. The experiment was conducted in 2008 using the maize hybrid Pioneer PR38A24 FAO group 380. The highest yield (14.95 t ha-1) and the highest raw protein content (98.28 g kg-1) were determined for treatment II (mineral fertilizers), while the yield with treatments III-VI, in which organic fertilizers were used, was 23 to 32% lower, and the protein content was 13-36% lower. Contrary to that, the crude fats, ME and NEL content per kg of the dry matter was lowest for treatment II (mineral fertilization) and significantly higher in treatments where variations of organic fertilizers were used. The analysis of variance showed statistically significant differences between all average analytical parameters at the level of 5 per cent (P<0.05), while the differences at the level of 1 percent (P<0.01) were determined for the yield, crude protein content and NEL. It can be concluded that the ecological production and fertilization with only organic fertilizers, regardless of their origin, produce lower yield per surface area. However, due to the positive effect of the organic matter in the soil, the benefits are much higher

Utjecaj gnojidbe na prinos, kemijski sastav i hranidbenu vrijednost zrna kukuruza

Zbog sve većeg zanimanja za zaštitu okoliša, povećanje plodnosti tla, ali i zbog mogućnosti dodatnog zapošljavanja stanovništva ruralnih područja, na pokušalištu Visokog gospodarskog učilišta u Križevcima, provedeno je istraživanje o mogućnostima proizvodnje stočne hrane na principima ekološke poljoprivrede. Pokus je postavljen po slučajnom bloknom rasporedu u četiri ponavljanja. Veličina parcele svakoga gnojidbenog tretmana iznosila je 70 m2, a tretmani su bili: I - kontrola (bez gnojidbe); II - mineralna gnojidba (200 kg ha-1 N, 150 kg ha-1 P2O5 i 300 kg ha-1 K2O); III - 10 t ha-1 komposta od goveđeg gnoja; IV - 10 t ha-1 komposta od konjskog gnoja; V - 10 t ha-1 komposta od separata svinjske gnojovke; VI - 6 t ha-1 komposta od pilećeg gnoja. Istraživanje je provedeno tijekom 2008. s hibridom kukuruza Pioneer PR38A24 FAO grupe 380. Najveći ostvareni prinos (14,95 t ha-1) i najveći sadržaj sirovih proteina (98,28 g kg-1) utvrđeni su kod tretmana II (mineralna gnojidba), dok su prinosi gnojidbenih tretmana III – VI, kod kojih su primjenjivana organska gnojiva, manji za 23 – 32%, a sadržaj sirovih proteina za 13 – 36%. Nasuprot tome sadržaj sirovih masti, ME i NEL-a po kg suhe tvari najmanji su kod tretmana II (mineralna gnojidba), a značajno veći kod tretmana gdje su korištena organska gnojiva različitog podrijetla. Analizom varijance utvrđeno je da između svih prosječnih analitičkih parametara postoje statistički značajne razlike na 5%-tnom nivou (P<0,05), dok su razlike na 1%-tnom nivou (P<0,01) utvrđene kod ostvarenoga prinosa i sadržaja sirovoga proteina te NEL-a. Za zaključiti je da se u ekološkoj proizvodnji i gnojidbom samo organskim gnojivima, neovisno o njihovom podrijetlu, postižu nešto niži prinosi po jedinici površine, međutim zbog pozitivnog učinka organske tvari u tlu, koristi će biti puno veće.Following the increased interest in environment protection and increasing of the soil fertility, as well as the possibility of additional employment of the inhabitants in the rural area, a research into the possibilities to produce animal feeding stuffs was conducted on the experimental field of the College of Agriculture at Križevci. The experiment was set in a randomized block scheme with four repetitions. The size of the plot for each fertilization treatment was 70 sq m. The treatments were the following: I-control (no fertilization), II- mineral fertilizers (200 kg ha-1 N, 150 kg ha-1 P2O5 and 300 kg ha-1 K2O), III – 10 t ha-1 cow manure compost, VI - 10 t ha-1 horse manure compost; V - 10 t ha-1 composted pig slurry, VI – 6 t ha-1 composted poultry manure. The experiment was conducted in 2008 using the maize hybrid Pioneer PR38A24 FAO group 380. The highest yield (14.95 t ha-1) and the highest raw protein content (98.28 g kg-1) were determined for treatment II (mineral fertilizers), while the yield with the treatments III-VI, in which organic fertilizers were used, was 23 to 32% lower, and the protein content was 13-36% lower. Contrary to that, the content of crude fats, ME and NEL per kg of the dry matter were lowest for the treatment II (mineral fertilization) and significantly higher in treatments where variations of organic fertilizers were used. The analysis of the variance showed statistically significant differences between all average analytical parameters at the level of 5 per cent (P<0.05), while the differences at the level of 1 percent (P<0.01) were determined for the yield, crude protein content and NEL. It can be concluded that the ecological production and fertilization with only organic fertilizers, regardless of their origin, produce lower yield per surface area. However, due to the positive effect of the organic matter in the soil, the benefits are much higher

Utjecaj gnojidbe na prinos, kemijski sastav i hranidbenu vrijednost zrna kukuruza

Zbog sve većeg zanimanja za zaštitu okoliša, povećanje plodnosti tla, ali i zbog mogućnosti dodatnog zapošljavanja stanovništva ruralnih područja, na pokušalištu Visokog gospodarskog učilišta u Križevcima, provedeno je istraživanje o mogućnostima proizvodnje stočne hrane na principima ekološke poljoprivrede. Pokus je postavljen po slučajnom bloknom rasporedu u četiri ponavljanja. Veličina parcele svakoga gnojidbenog tretmana iznosila je 70 m2, a tretmani su bili: I - kontrola (bez gnojidbe); II - mineralna gnojidba (200 kg ha-1 N, 150 kg ha-1 P2O5 i 300 kg ha-1 K2O); III - 10 t ha-1 komposta od goveđeg gnoja; IV - 10 t ha-1 komposta od konjskog gnoja; V - 10 t ha-1 komposta od separata svinjske gnojovke; VI - 6 t ha-1 komposta od pilećeg gnoja. Istraživanje je provedeno tijekom 2008. s hibridom kukuruza Pioneer PR38A24 FAO grupe 380. Najveći ostvareni prinos (14,95 t ha-1) i najveći sadržaj sirovih proteina (98,28 g kg-1) utvrđeni su kod tretmana II (mineralna gnojidba), dok su prinosi gnojidbenih tretmana III – VI, kod kojih su primjenjivana organska gnojiva, manji za 23 – 32%, a sadržaj sirovih proteina za 13 – 36%. Nasuprot tome sadržaj sirovih masti, ME i NEL-a po kg suhe tvari najmanji su kod tretmana II (mineralna gnojidba), a značajno veći kod tretmana gdje su korištena organska gnojiva različitog podrijetla. Analizom varijance utvrđeno je da između svih prosječnih analitičkih parametara postoje statistički značajne razlike na 5%-tnom nivou (P<0,05), dok su razlike na 1%-tnom nivou (P<0,01) utvrđene kod ostvarenoga prinosa i sadržaja sirovoga proteina te NEL-a. Za zaključiti je da se u ekološkoj proizvodnji i gnojidbom samo organskim gnojivima, neovisno o njihovom podrijetlu, postižu nešto niži prinosi po jedinici površine, međutim zbog pozitivnog učinka organske tvari u tlu, koristi će biti puno veće.Following the increased interest in environment protection and increasing of the soil fertility, as well as the possibility of additional employment of the inhabitants in the rural area, a research into the possibilities to produce animal feeding stuffs was conducted on the experimental field of the College of Agriculture at Križevci. The experiment was set in a randomized block scheme with four repetitions. The size of the plot for each fertilization treatment was 70 sq m. The treatments were the following: I-control (no fertilization), II- mineral fertilizers (200 kg ha-1 N, 150 kg ha-1 P2O5 and 300 kg ha-1 K2O), III – 10 t ha-1 cow manure compost, VI - 10 t ha-1 horse manure compost; V - 10 t ha-1 composted pig slurry, VI – 6 t ha-1 composted poultry manure. The experiment was conducted in 2008 using the maize hybrid Pioneer PR38A24 FAO group 380. The highest yield (14.95 t ha-1) and the highest raw protein content (98.28 g kg-1) were determined for treatment II (mineral fertilizers), while the yield with the treatments III-VI, in which organic fertilizers were used, was 23 to 32% lower, and the protein content was 13-36% lower. Contrary to that, the content of crude fats, ME and NEL per kg of the dry matter were lowest for the treatment II (mineral fertilization) and significantly higher in treatments where variations of organic fertilizers were used. The analysis of the variance showed statistically significant differences between all average analytical parameters at the level of 5 per cent (P<0.05), while the differences at the level of 1 percent (P<0.01) were determined for the yield, crude protein content and NEL. It can be concluded that the ecological production and fertilization with only organic fertilizers, regardless of their origin, produce lower yield per surface area. However, due to the positive effect of the organic matter in the soil, the benefits are much higher