Prevalence of hemoparasites in captive monkeys found at each context for animal-human interaction in Peru.

Bar plot showing the proportion of monkeys with positive status for Trypanosoma sp., Mansonella sp., tryopanosoma cruzi, Dipetalonema sp., and Plasmodium malaria/brasilianum and SFV across contexts. (TIF)</p

Map of Peru showing the distribution of the study population by context and city.

Pie charts are proportional to the number of monkeys sampled in each city, whether at government-regulated captive facilities (Captivity, black), at households (Pet, light blue), or at markets (Trade, pink). Insert shows the location of Peru in South America. See Table 2 for further details.</p

Parasite community similarities among animal-human contexts.

Principal component (PC) analysis showing the variance in parasite presence among host genera and context in two dimensions. The symbols represent the parasite community of each monkey genus at each animal-human context, and the distance between them illustrates their dissimilarity. Ellipses correspond to the 95% confidence interval for each context.</p

Prevalence of zoonotic parasites in captive monkeys in Peru.

Bars and dots correspond to the prevalence of each parasite type in the sampled population (red) and among animal-human contexts (grey). Vertical lines indicate 95% confidence intervals. Horizontal lines preceded by an asterisk indicate significant difference between categories (pMycobacterium tuberculosis complex; n: number of individuals tested for each parasite type.</p

Prevalence of enteric helminths and protozoa in captive monkeys found at each context for animal-human interaction in Peru.

Bar plot showing the proportion of monkeys with positive status for Prostenorchis sp., Strongyloides sp., hookworms, Trichuris sp., Ascaris sp., Molineus sp., Balantidium sp., Giardia sp., Blastocystis sp., Cryptosporidium sp., and Entamoeba sp. across contexts. (TIF)</p

Sampling effort and characteristics of the study population.

Sampling effort and characteristics of the study population.</p

Model selection results for parasite richness among captive primates in Peru.

This table summarizes the generalized linear models (GLM) and generalized linear mixed effects models (GLMM) built to evaluate the contribution of population characteristics to parasite richness. Models ranked by Akaike’s information criterion with small-sample correction (AICc). Statistics include number of parameters (K), log-likelihood (−2LL), difference between AICc of each model and the best model (ΔAICc), and evidence ratio (wi/w1). Models listed under each heading are included in the 95% confidence set. (DOCX)</p

Prevalence of trichomonads in captive monkeys found at each context for animal-human interaction in Peru.

Bar plot showing the proportion of monkeys with positive status for Dientamoeba sp. and Trichomonas sp. in the trade and at captivity contexts. (TIF)</p

Factor loadings of the Principal Components (PC) Analysis.

This table shows the correlation of the different parasite genera with the main two principal components explaining the variation between parasite community composition across contexts for animal-human interaction and host genera of trafficked primates in Peru. (DOCX)</p

Prevalence of enteric bacteria in captive monkeys found at each context for animal-human interaction in Peru.

Bar plot showing the proportion of monkeys with positive status for Aeromonas sp., Aeromonas caviae, Aeromonas sobria, Aeromonas hydrophila, Campylobacter sp., Campylobacter jejunii, Campylobacter coli, Plesiomonas shigelloides., Salmonella sp., Shigella boydii, Shigella flexneri, and Shigella sonnei across contexts. (TIF)</p