20 research outputs found
image_2_Altered Humoral Immune Responses and IgG Subtypes in NOX2-Deficient Mice and Patients: A Key Role for NOX2 in Antigen-Presenting Cells.jpg
<p>Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency resulting from loss of function mutations in the reactive oxygen species generating phagocyte NADPH oxidase (NOX2). CGD patients are prone to infection, but also have an increased susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of NOX2 in the regulation of specific immunity. In both CGD patients and NOX2-deficient mice, we observed an alteration in the basal proportions of IgG subtypes. Upon immunization with curdlan—a dectin 1 agonist—NOX2-deficient mice showed increased production of IgG2c compared to controls, and restimulation of lymph node-derived cells led to increased production of IFNγ, but not IL-5, indicative hallmark of an enhanced Th1 response. T cell activation was increased in NOX2-deficient mice and a similar trend was observed in vitro when T cells were co-cultured with NOX2-deficient bone marrow-derived cells. In contrast, no difference in T cell activation was observed when NOX2-deficient T cells were co-cultured with wild-type BMDC. Following stimulation of NOX2-deficient dendritic cells (DCs), no difference in costimulatory molecules was observed, while there was an increase in the release of Th1-driving cytokines. In summary, both CGD patients and CGD mice have an altered IgG subtype distribution, which is associated with an increased IFNγ production. Thus, NOX2 within DCs appears to be an important regulator at the interface of innate and specific immunity, especially after activation of the dectin 1 pathway, limiting immune activation and the development of autoimmunity.</p
image_4_Altered Humoral Immune Responses and IgG Subtypes in NOX2-Deficient Mice and Patients: A Key Role for NOX2 in Antigen-Presenting Cells.jpg
<p>Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency resulting from loss of function mutations in the reactive oxygen species generating phagocyte NADPH oxidase (NOX2). CGD patients are prone to infection, but also have an increased susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of NOX2 in the regulation of specific immunity. In both CGD patients and NOX2-deficient mice, we observed an alteration in the basal proportions of IgG subtypes. Upon immunization with curdlan—a dectin 1 agonist—NOX2-deficient mice showed increased production of IgG2c compared to controls, and restimulation of lymph node-derived cells led to increased production of IFNγ, but not IL-5, indicative hallmark of an enhanced Th1 response. T cell activation was increased in NOX2-deficient mice and a similar trend was observed in vitro when T cells were co-cultured with NOX2-deficient bone marrow-derived cells. In contrast, no difference in T cell activation was observed when NOX2-deficient T cells were co-cultured with wild-type BMDC. Following stimulation of NOX2-deficient dendritic cells (DCs), no difference in costimulatory molecules was observed, while there was an increase in the release of Th1-driving cytokines. In summary, both CGD patients and CGD mice have an altered IgG subtype distribution, which is associated with an increased IFNγ production. Thus, NOX2 within DCs appears to be an important regulator at the interface of innate and specific immunity, especially after activation of the dectin 1 pathway, limiting immune activation and the development of autoimmunity.</p
Cumulative survival of AR patients compared to XL patients.
<p><i>*Log rank statistics for difference in survival between X-linked and AR: 7.01 (p = 0.0081)</i>.</p
Prevalence of liver abscess and causative micro-organisms.
<p>Prevalence of liver abscess and causative micro-organisms.</p
Prophylactic and curative treatment.
<p>Percentages of patients who received above-mentioned therapies at one point during their lives.</p
Site of disease.
<p>The total number of reported episodes in all patients is compared to the number of patients who has suffered from ≥1 episode in absolute numbers and percentage of the total group (n = 429).</p
Distribution of different subtypes of CGD according to sex.
*<p>Female X-linked patients are extremely lyonized heterozygous carrriers.</p
Most frequently isolated micro-organisms.
<p>Most frequently isolated micro-organisms.</p