4 research outputs found

    Modulation neuroinflammatoire développementale dans la physiopathologie des lésions cérébrales néonatales

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    Les lésions cérébrales du nouveau-né sont majoritairement causées par un manque d'oxygène et/ou une infection périnatale. Le profil des lésions cérébrales retrouvées chez le nouveau-né prématuré diffère de celui retrouvé à terme, malgré les mêmes facteurs de risque qui sont décrits. Une corrélation positive de l'expression de cytokines et la présence de dommages cérébraux est établie. Pourtant, bien qu'il soit connu que la réponse anti-inflammatoire vienne contrebalancer les effets pro-inflammatoires pouvant être délétères, très peu de données sont disponibles sur l'expression intracérébrale de cytokines anti-inflammatoires dans le contexte de lésions cérébrales du nouveau-né. De plus l'apport de l'immunité systémique est connu dans les dommages cérébraux chez l'adulte, mais peu connu chez le nouveau-né. Ce projet a pour but de comparer la réponse neuroinflammatoire dans les lésions cérébrales d'un cerveau prématuré versus à terme. Méthodes : Dans un modèle animal de ratons ayant une maturation cérébrale correspondant à un humain prématuré (jour post-natal (P)1) versus un humain à terme (P12), l'expression intracérébrale de cytokines anti-inflammatoires (IL-6, TGF[bêta]1, IL-10 et IL-1ra) et pro-inflammatoires (IL-1[bêta] et du TNF[alpha]) est déterminée par ELISA et IHC suite à une exposition au LPS et/ou à l'HI postnatale. L'expression des chimiokines CINC-1 et MCP-1 respectivement impliquée dans le recrutement des neutrophiles et des macrophages sera étudiée, en plus des cellules infiltrantes elles-mêmes. Résultats : Le cerveau de ratons à P1 ne démontre aucune augmentation de l'expression de ces cytokines anti-inflammatoires, contrairement aux cerveaux à P12 des ratons exposés à l'HI et au LPS+HI qui présente une augmentation de cytokines dans l'hémisphère ipsilatérale à l'ischémie. Cette augmentation est détectée autant dans la substance grise que blanche. L'augmentation des cytokines pro-inflammatoires est retrouvée seulement par IHC à P1 dans les conditions HI et LPS+HI, mais est retrouvé aussi à P12. Le recrutement de neutrophiles et macrophages est détecté à P12 suite à l'exposition à l'HI avec ou sans LPS. Conclusion : Notre travail démontre que la réponse neuroinflammatoire chez le prématuré est immature, comparativement à celle chez le nouveau-né à terme exposé à de mêmes agressions

    Developmental regulation of the neuroinflammatory responses to LPS and/or hypoxia-ischemia between preterm and term neonates: An experimental study

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Preterm and term newborns are at high risk of brain damage as well as subsequent cerebral palsy and learning disabilities. Indeed, hypoxia-ischemia (HI), pathogen exposures, and associated intracerebral increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines have all been linked to perinatal brain damage. However, the developmental effects of potential variations of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine ratios remain unknown.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Using rat models of perinatal brain damage induced by exposures to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and/or HI at distinct levels of maturity, we compared cytokine expression at stages of cerebral development equivalent to either preterm (postnatal day 1, P1) or term (P12) newborns.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>At P1, expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine within the brain was either not modulated (IL-6, IL-10) or down-regulated (IL-1ra, TGF-β1) by HI, LPS or LPS+HI. In contrast, there was at P12 an up-regulation of all anti-inflammatory cytokines studied in HI or LPS+HI condition, but not after LPS exposure. Interestingly, IL-1β was the main pro-inflammatory cytokine up-regulated moderately at P1, and strongly at P12, with a weak co-expression of TNF-α observed mainly at P12. These age-dependant inflammatory reactions were also accompanied, under HI and LPS+HI conditions, at P12 only, by combined: (i) expression of chemokines CINC-1 and MCP-1, (ii) blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage, and (iii) intracerebral recruitment of systemic immune cells such as neutrophils. In contrast, sole LPS induced IL-1β responses mainly within white matter at P1 and mainly within gray matter at P12, that were only associated with early MCP-1 (but no CINC-1) induction at both ages, without any recruitment of neutrophils and CD68+ cells.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>HI and LPS+HI induce pro-inflammatory oriented immune responses in both preterm and term like brains, with a maximal inflammatory response triggered by the combination of LPS+HI. The profile of these neuroinflammatory responses presented striking variations according to age: no or down-regulated anti-inflammatory responses associated with mainly IL-1β release in preterm-like brains (P1), in sharp contrast to term-like brains (P12) presenting stronger anti-and pro-inflammatory responses, including both IL-1β and TNF-α releases, and BBB leakage. These developmental-dependant variations of neuroinflammatory response could contribute to the differential pattern of brain lesions observed across gestational ages in humans. This also highlights the necessity to take into consideration the maturation stage, of both brain and immune systems, in order to develop new anti-inflammatory neuroprotective strategies.</p

    Role of Perinatal Inflammation in Cerebral Palsy

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    Inflammatory molecules are promptly upregulated in the fetal environment and postnatally in brain-damaged subjects. Intrauterine infections and inflammation are often associated with asphyxia. This double-hit effect by combined infection or inflammation and hypoxia is therefore a frequent concomitant in neonatal brain damage. Animal models combining hypoxia and infection were recently designed to explore the mechanisms underlying brain damage in such circumstances and to look for possible neuroprotective strategies. Proinflammatory cytokines are thought to be major mediators in brain injury in neonates with perinatal asphyxia, bacterial infection, or both. Cytokines, however, could also have neuroprotective properties. The critical point in the balance between neurodamaging and neuroprotective effects of cytokines has yet to be unraveled. This understanding might help to develop new therapeutic approaches to counteract the inflammatory disequilibrium observed in the pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with brain injury. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
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