8 research outputs found
Monetary Value of Diet Is Associated with Dietary Quality and Nutrient Adequacy among Urban Adults, Differentially by Sex, Race and Poverty Status
<div><p>Objective</p><p>The association between monetary value of the diet (MVD, 3/day higher MVD (IQR: 6.62/d (Q4)) was associated with a 4.98±0.35 higher total HEI-2010 and a 3.88±0.37 higher MAR score, after energy-adjustment and control for key confounders. For HEI-2010 and MAR, stronger associations were observed among participants above poverty and among women, whilethe MVD vs. HEI-2010 association was additionally stronger among Whites. Sex and poverty status differentials were observed for many MAR and some HEI-2010 components.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Despite positive associations between measures of dietary quality and MVD, particularly above poverty and among women, approaching compliance with the Dietary Guidelines (80 or more for HEI-2010) requires a substantially higher MVD. Thus, nutrition education may further improve people’s decision-making regarding food venues and dietary choices.</p></div
Means and [ranges] of HEI-2010 (total score and components) and of monetary value of diet (MVD, $/day) by their respective tertiles; HANDLS study, wave 1.
<p>Means and [ranges] of HEI-2010 (total score and components) and of monetary value of diet (MVD, $/day) by their respective tertiles; HANDLS study, wave 1.</p
Mean and Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (MAR and NAR) Scores<sup>a</sup> for HANDLS participants by monetary value of diet tertile and sex.
<p><sup>a</sup> All scores (MAR and NAR) ranged between 0 and 100.</p><p><sup>b</sup> P-value for trend across tertiles of MVD within each sex group</p><p><sup>c</sup> 2-sided P-value from independent sample <i>t</i>-test comparing means of NAR and MAR across sex groups.</p><p>Mean and Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (MAR and NAR) Scores<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0140905#t003fn001" target="_blank"><sup>a</sup></a> for HANDLS participants by monetary value of diet tertile and sex.</p
Association between monetary value of reported diets ($/day) and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) and component nutrient adequacy ratios (NAR): findings from multiple OLS regression models<sup>a</sup>.
<p>*P<0.05</p><p><sup>§</sup>P<0.001</p><p><sup>a</sup> Models were further adjusted for energy intake (kcal/d), sex, race, poverty status (whenever not used for stratification), age, education (HS; 2 dummy variables), literacy (WRAT-3 total score); unemployment status (0 = no, 1 = yes, 9 = missing; 2 dummy variables), current smoking status (0 = never or former, 1 = current smoker, 9 = missing, 2 dummy variables), current drug use (0 = never or >6 months ago; 1 = <6 months ago; 9 = missing; 2 dummy variables), % energy obtained at grocery stores, self-rated health (1 = poor, 2 = fair, 3 = good, 4 = fair, 5 = excellent: four dummy variables).</p><p><sup>b</sup> p<0.10 for null hypothesis that interaction term between sex and monetary value of diet is = 0. Interaction terms are added to the full non-stratified model with main effect of sex and monetary value of diet as well as other covariates.</p><p><sup>c</sup> p<0.10 for null hypothesis that interaction term between race and monetary value of diet is = 0. Interaction terms are added to the full non-stratified model with main effect of race and monetary value of diet as well as other covariates.</p><p><sup>d</sup>p<0.10 for null hypothesis that interaction term between poverty status and monetary value of diet is = 0. Interaction terms are added to the full non-stratified model with main effect of poverty status and monetary value of diet as well as other covariates.</p><p>Association between monetary value of reported diets ($/day) and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) and component nutrient adequacy ratios (NAR): findings from multiple OLS regression models<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0140905#t005fn003" target="_blank"><sup>a</sup></a>.</p
HEI-2010 total score and components<sup>a</sup> for HANDLS participants by monetary value of diet tertile and sex.
<p><sup>a</sup> P-value for trend across tertiles of MVD within each sex group</p><p><sup>b</sup> 2-sided P-value from independent sample <i>t</i>-test comparing means of HEI-2010 total scores and components across sex groups. Ranges and means within each tertile of MVD are presented in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0140905#pone.0140905.g001" target="_blank">Fig 1</a> for both sexes combined.</p><p>HEI-2010 total score and components<sup>a</sup> for HANDLS participants by monetary value of diet tertile and sex.</p
Baseline characteristics of selected HANDLS sample by tertile of monetary value of diet (MVD) (N = 2111).
<p><sup>a</sup> P-value for trend (continuous variables) or P-value from χ2 test (categorical variables). PIR = Poverty Income Ratio; SE = Standard Error; WRAT-3 = Wide Range Achievement Test, version 3.</p><p>Baseline characteristics of selected HANDLS sample by tertile of monetary value of diet (MVD) (N = 2111).</p
Association between monetary value of food ($/day) and HEI-2010 (and components): findings from multiple OLS (total HEI-2010 score) and logistic regression models (components: upper tertile vs. two lower tertiles combined (referent category))<sup>a</sup>.
<p>*P<0.05</p><p><sup>§</sup>P<0.001</p><p><sup>a</sup> Models were adjusted for energy intake (kcal/d), sex, race, poverty status (whenever not used for stratification), age, education (HS; 2 dummy variables), literacy (WRAT-3 total score); unemployment status (0 = no, 1 = yes, 9 = missing; 2 dummy variables), current smoking status (0 = never or former, 1 = current smoker, 9 = missing, 2 dummy variables), current drug use (0 = never or >6 months ago; 1 = <6 months ago; 9 = missing; 2 dummy variables), % energy obtained at grocery stores, self-rated health (1 = poor, 2 = fair, 3 = good, 4 = fair, 5 = excellent: four dummy variables).</p><p>We additionally examined the MVD-Fatty acid relationship and found that it was not statistically significant.</p><p><sup>b</sup> p<0.10 for null hypothesis that interaction term between sex and food cost is = 0. Interaction terms are added to the full non-stratified model with main effect of sex and food cost as well as other covariates.</p><p><sup>c</sup> p<0.10 for null hypothesis that interaction term between race and food cost is = 0. Interaction terms are added to the full non-stratified model with main effect of race and monetary value of diet as well as other covariates.</p><p><sup>d</sup> p<0.10 for null hypothesis that interaction term between poverty status and monetary value of diet is = 0. Interaction terms are added to the full non-stratified model with main effect of poverty status and monetary value of diet as well as other covariates.</p><p>Association between monetary value of food ($/day) and HEI-2010 (and components): findings from multiple OLS (total HEI-2010 score) and logistic regression models (components: upper tertile vs. two lower tertiles combined (referent category))<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0140905#t004fn003" target="_blank"><sup>a</sup></a>.</p
A-C. Predicted mean HEI-2010 total score by monetary value of diet (MVD, $/day), stratified by sex, race and poverty status from multiple OLS model with interaction between MVD and sex<sup>a</sup>, race<sup>b</sup>, and poverty status<sup>c</sup> HANDLS study, wave 1.
<p><sup>a</sup>p<0.10 for MVD×sex interaction; <sup>b</sup>p<0.10 for MVD×race interaction; <sup>c</sup>p<0.10 for MVD×pov interaction</p