COVID-19 and pulmonary embolism: do not forget the association!

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Covid-19 overlapping with systemic sclerosis

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Pulmonary sarcoidosis induced by anti–tumor necrosis factor therapy a paradoxical effect

Paradoxical effects or reactions to anti–tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy are defined by the onset or exacerbation of a certain condition following a treatment regimen for the same condition.1 An increasing number of cases of noninfectious pulmonary granulomatous disease secondary to anti-TNF therapy have been described.2–4 We present here the case of a young woman who was treated with anti-TNF therapy for ankylosing spondylitis and then subsequently developed pulmonary sarcoidosis. In view of the effectiveness of anti-TNF agents in the treatment of sarcoidosis, these cases are also reported to be paradoxical effects.5 Rheumatologists should be aware of the potential for these paradoxical reactions such as sarcoidosis presenting after anti-TNF therapy2612324etanercept; infliximab; tumor necrosis factor inhibitor; adult;; Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index; bronchoscopy; case report; clinical article; computer assisted tomography; drug efficacy; female; granulomatosis; histopathology; human; human tissue; Letter; low back pain; lung biopsy; lung lavage; lung sarcoidosis; peripheral lung lesion; priority journal