Molecular comparison of mesenchymal stem cells from cat and dog amniotic membrane

As membranas amnióticas humana, felina e canina representam uma boa fonte de célulastronco mesenquimais multipotentes. Sua obtenção não causa conflitos éticos, pois o âmnio é comumente descartado após o nascimento do indivíduo. Devido à característica inovadora da utilização de células-tronco na medicina regenerativa, diversos testes estão sendo realizados a fim de sanar dúvidas sobre possíveis complicações de seu emprego, tais como: infecções no ato da aplicação, deterioração da função tecidual e principalmente sobre o potencial tumorigênico das linhagens celulares. O teste tumoral foi negativo nas espécies felina e humana, viabilizando a utilização deste tipo de célula nestas espécies, porém, o mesmo teste foi realizado em cães anteriormente com resultado positivo para formação tumoral. A proposta deste estudo é traçar um perfil comparativo sobre as características de cultivo, marcadores moleculares e ensaio tumoral na membrana amniótica canina e felina. Para a obtenção das células, foram utilizadas placentas oriundas de 9 gestações caninas nas idades entre 35 a 45 dias, 1 gestação canina de 25 dias e 3 gestações felinas nas idades de 35 a 45 dias por procedimento de cesariana seguida de castração em clínicas da região de Pirassununga. O âmnio foi separado manualmente das outras membranas fetais e acondicionado em placas de Petri, submetido à maceração manual, para posterior cultivo em meio adequado para cultura de células mesenquimais. Após o estabelecimento do cultivo, foram realizadas análises de imunocitoquímica para marcadores mesenquimais (CD73, CD90 e CD105) e tumoral (CD30) sendo que as células de origem canina mostraram-se positivas para os marcadores mesenquimais CD73, CD90 e para o marcador tumoral CD30 e as de origem felina mostraram-se positivas para os marcadores mesenquimais CD73, CD90 e CD105. O ensaio in vivo realizado com a inoculação das CT\'s canina e felina em camundongos imunossuprimidos (Balb/c NUDE) pelas vias subcutânea, intramuscular e intraperitoneal não demonstrando formação tumoral após 60 dias da inoculação. Foram realizadas análises de citometria de fluxo onde as maiores quantificações nas células caninas foram os marcadores de pluripotência (OCT-4 e SOX2, com 59,4% e 34,35% respectivamente), e felinas foram os marcadores mesenquimais (CD73 e CD90, com 32,58% e 23,48%). A análise de qPCR das células felinas demonstrou baixa, expressão de todos os genes testados (mesenquimais, pluripotência, hematopoiético e teratogênico). Já as células de origem canina, demonstraram expressão maior do gene mesenquimal (CD90) e do gene de pluripotência (SOX2 e OCT4). Os achados deste estudo demonstraram por ambas as técnicas (citometria e qPCR) que as células da membrana amniótica felina tem um potencial mesenquimal mais evidente do que as caninas e ambas não apresentaram potencial tumorigênico quando submetidas ao ensaio in vivo.Human, feline and canine amniotic membranes are a good source of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells. The obtaining does not cause ethical conflict because the amnion is usually discarded after the birth. Due to the innovative feature of the use of stem cells in regenerative medicine, several tests are being conducted to answer some questions about possible complications of its use, such as infections during application, deterioration of tissue function and particularly on the carcinogenic potential of amniotic stem cells. Teratoma formation assays were proved negative in feline and human species, enabling the use of this type of cell in these species, however, the same test was performed in dogs previously and was positive for teratomas, condemning its application. The purpose of this study is to trace a molecular profile and detailed teratogenic test, comparing the canine and feline amniotic membrane model, since the experiments were favorable to the feline model, in order to find out where they differ to justify the new data to counteract the results of previous studies using canine amnion. To obtain cells, it were used placentas from 9 pregnant canines between 35 to 45 days of gestation, one placenta at 25 days from canine and 3 placentas from feline at 35 to 45 days. It was realized caesarean and followed ovarian salpingo hysterectomy at veterinarian clinics on Pirassununga region. The amnion was manually separated from the other fetal membranes and placed on Petri dishes. Then was made a manual maceration, later to be cultivated. After culture establishment were performed immunocytochemical analyzes for mesenchymal (CD73, CD90 and CD105) and teratogenic (CD30) markers. The canine cells were positive to the following markers: CD73, CD90 and CD30 and the feline cells were positive for CD73, CD90 and CD105. Teratogenic test was conducted by subcutaneous, intramuscular and intraperitoneal inoculation of the canine and feline stem cells, in immunosuppressed mice (Balb/c NUDE)and was not observed tumor formation after 60 days of inoculation. Flow cytometry analyzes were performed where the largest quantifications in canine cells were the genes of pluripotency (Oct-4 and Sox2, 59.4% and 34.35% respectively), and the feline were performed at the mesenchymal genes (CD73 and CD90, with 32.58% and 23.48%). PCR analysis of feline cells demonstrated low expression of all markers tested (mesenchymal, pluripotency, hematopoietic and teratogenic). The cells of canine origin, showed higher expression of mesenchymal gene (CD90) and pluripotencys genes (SOX2 and OCT4). The findings of this study demonstrated for both techniques (flow cytometry and qPCR) that feline amniotic membrane cells has a more potential than the canine amniotic membrane cells. Both showed no tumorigenic potential when submitted to in vivo test

Kinematic gait analyses in healthy Golden Retrievers

Kinematic analysis relates to the relative movement between rigid bodies and finds application in gait analysis and other body movements, interpretation of their data when there is change, determines the choice of treatment to be instituted. The objective of this study was to standardize the march of Dog Golden Retriever Healthy to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. We used a kinematic analysis system to analyse the gait of seven dogs Golden Retriever, female, aged between 2 and 4 years, weighing 21.5 to 28 kg, clinically normal. Flexion and extension were described for shoulder, elbow, carpal, hip, femorotibialis and tarsal joints. The gait was characterized lateral and had accepted hypothesis of normality for all variables, except for the stance of hip and elbow, considering a confidence level of 95%, significance level α = 0.05. Variations have been attributed to displacement of the stripes during movement and the duplicated number of reviews. The kinematic analysis proved to be a consistent method of evaluation of the movement during canine gait and the data can be used in the diagnosis and evaluation of canine gait in comparison to other studies and treatment of dogs with musculoskeletal disorders