Temporal trends of pneumonia etiology in childhood cases, Mali, N = 118.

<p>*<i>P</i> < .05, **<i>P</i> < .001.</p

Relative risk (95% confidence interval) of pneumonia in children according to number of microorganisms from nasal swab, Mali, N = 216.

<p>^aAfter multivariate logistic regression, adjusted for gender, age, and period per quarter. ^bLogarithmic scale.</p

Primers/Probes Sequences and Concentration Used in Each Pool for the <i>S</i>. <i>pneumoniae</i> Serotype Identification and Quantification Assay.

<p>Primers/Probes Sequences and Concentration Used in Each Pool for the <i>S</i>. <i>pneumoniae</i> Serotype Identification and Quantification Assay.</p

Pneumococcal load distribution in NP samples from the South African cohort.

<p>Comparison between invasive (present in both NP and WB samples of the same patient; n = 36) and non-invasive serotypes (present in NP samples only; n = 145). Each plot represents a sample. The bold bars indicate the mean bacterial concentration for each group (Student's <i>t</i>-test, <i>P</i><0.001).</p

<i>S</i>. <i>pneumoniae</i> serotypes distribution determined by the 40 <i>S</i>. <i>pneumoniae</i> serotype real-time PCR typing assay (40-PCR).

<p>(A) in NP samples (n = 562) of patients from Cambodia (n = 149), France (n = 45), South Africa (n = 227), Mali (n = 86) and Brazil (n = 55), (B) in WB samples (n = 102) of patients from France (n = 5), Mali (n = 16) and South Africa (n = 81). Each column represents the cumulative number of patients for a given serotype.</p

Serotype-Dependent Detection Limits and Linear Equation Values.

<p>Serotype-Dependent Detection Limits and Linear Equation Values.</p

Comparison by geographic region of characteristics at first visit, ART start, age 10 years, and last visit of adolescents living with perinatally acquired HIV.

<p>ART, antiretroviral therapy; IQR, interquartile range; S&SE Asia, South and Southeast Asia; WHO, World Health Organization.</p

Adolescent characteristics at first visit, ART start, age 10 years, and last visit and cumulative incidence of outcomes (mortality, transferred out, LTFU), compared by CIG.

<p>Adolescent characteristics at first visit, ART start, age 10 years, and last visit and cumulative incidence of outcomes (mortality, transferred out, LTFU), compared by CIG.</p

Flow diagram of inclusion of adolescents living with perinatally acquired HIV (<i>N</i> = 38,187).

<p>CIPHER, Collaborative Initiative for Paediatric HIV Education and Research.</p

Profile of geographic regions included in the CIPHER global cohort adolescent analysis (<i>N</i> = 38,187 adolescents).

<p>Profile of geographic regions included in the CIPHER global cohort adolescent analysis (<i>N</i> = 38,187 adolescents).</p