Clinical data of children with sickle cell anemia attended in Hemope Foundation—Recife/Brazil.

<p>Clinical data of children with sickle cell anemia attended in Hemope Foundation—Recife/Brazil.</p

Serum galectin-3 levels associated with <i>LGALS3</i> +191 (A) and +292 (B) genotypes in children with SCA.

<p><i>LGALS3</i> +191: C = reference allele; A = variant allele; <i>LGALS3</i> +292: A = reference allele; C = variant allele; +191 genotypes: CC vs. CA: <i>p <</i>0.0001; CC vs. AA: <i>p <</i>0.0001; CC vs. AA+CA: <i>p</i> <0.0001. +292 genotypes: AA vs. AC: <i>p</i> = 0.1684; AA vs. CC: <i>p</i> = 0.0046; AA vs. CC+AC: <i>p</i> = 0.0136. Mann-Whitney tests.</p

Serum galectin-3 levels are associated with <i>LGALS3</i> +191 and +292 combined genotypes in children with SCA.

<p>Statistical analysis of <i>LGALS3</i> combined genotype related of galectin-3 levels (high, intermediate and low) in which the serum concentrations in ng/ml were compared using Kruskal-Wallis test. High vs. intermediate: <i>p =</i> 0.1687; high vs. low: <i>p =</i> 0.0002; high vs. intermediate+low: <i>p</i> = 0.0098.</p

<i>LGALS3</i> +191 and +292 diplotype of serum levels with vaso-occlusive crisis and respiratory tract infection in children with sickle cell anemia attended in Hemope Foundation—Recife/Brazil.

<p><i>LGALS3</i> +191 and +292 diplotype of serum levels with vaso-occlusive crisis and respiratory tract infection in children with sickle cell anemia attended in Hemope Foundation—Recife/Brazil.</p

<i>LGALS3</i> +191 and +292 with vaso-occlusive crisis and respiratory tract infection in children with sickle cell anemia attended in Hemope Foundation—Recife/Brazil.

<p><i>LGALS3</i> +191 and +292 with vaso-occlusive crisis and respiratory tract infection in children with sickle cell anemia attended in Hemope Foundation—Recife/Brazil.</p

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms at +191 and +292 of Galectin-3 Gene (<i>LGALS3</i>) Related to Lower GAL-3 Serum Levels Are Associated with Frequent Respiratory Tract Infection and Vaso-Occlusive Crisis in Children with Sickle Cell Anemia

<div><p>Introduction</p><p>Patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) may present chronic hemolytic anemia, vaso-occlusion and respiratory tract infection (RTI) episodes. Galectin-3 (GAL-3) is a multifunctional protein involved in inflammation, apoptosis, adhesion and resistance to reactive oxygen species. Studies point to a dual role for GAL-3 as both a circulation damage-associated molecular pattern and a cell membrane associated pattern recognition receptor.</p><p>Objective</p><p>To investigate associations between the SNPs of GAL-3 gene (<i>LGALS3</i>) and serum levels with RTI and vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) in children with SCA.</p><p>Materials and Methods</p><p>SNPs +191 and +292 in <i>LGALS3</i> were studied using the TaqMan real-time PCR system; GAL-3 serum levels were measured by ELISA. The study included 79 children with SCA ranging from 2 to 12 years old.</p><p>Results</p><p>GAL-3 serum levels were associated with <i>LGALS3</i> +191 and +292 genotypes (<i>p</i> <0.0001; <i>p</i> = 0.0169, respectively). <i>LGALS3</i> +191, AA genotype was associated with low and CC with higher levels of GAL-3. For <i>LGALS3</i> +292, the CC genotype was associated with lower GAL-3 and AA with higher levels. Patients with Frequency of RTI (FRTI) ≥1 presented higher frequency of +191AA (<i>p</i> = 0.0263) and +292AC/CC genotypes (<i>p</i> = 0.0320). SNP +292 was associated with Frequency of VOC (FVOC) (<i>p</i> = 0.0347), whereas no association was shown with SNP +191 and FVOC. However, CA/AC and AA/CC genotypes with lower GAL-3 levels showed a higher frequency in patients with FRTI ≥1 (<i>p</i> = 0.0170; <i>p</i> = 0.0138, respectively). Also, patients with FVOC ≥1 presented association with CA/AC (<i>p</i> = 0.0228). <i>LGALS3</i> +191 and +292 combined genotypes related to low (<i>p</i> = 0.0263) and intermediate expression (<i>p</i> = 0.0245) were associated with FRTI ≥1. Lower GAL-3 serum levels were associated with FRTI ≥1 (<i>p</i> = 0.0426) and FVOC ≥1 (<i>p</i> = 0.0012).</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Variation of GAL-3 serum levels related to SNPs at +191 and +292 may constitute a susceptibility factor for RTI and VOC frequency.</p></div

<i>LGALS3</i> +191 and +292 combined genotype distribution with vaso-occlusive crisis and respiratory tract infection in children with sickle cell anemia attended in Hemope Foundation—Recife/Brazil.

<p><i>LGALS3</i> +191 and +292 combined genotype distribution with vaso-occlusive crisis and respiratory tract infection in children with sickle cell anemia attended in Hemope Foundation—Recife/Brazil.</p

Serum galectin-3 levels associated with frequency of respiratory tract infection (FRTI) and vaso-occlusive crisis (FVOC) in children with SCA.

<p>FRTI ≥1 vs. FRTI <1: <i>p</i> = 0.0426. FVOC ≥1 vs. FVOC <1: <i>p</i> = 0.0012. Mann-Whitney tests.</p